SKELETAL SYSTEM

1. SKELETAL SYSTEM

2. SKELETAL SYSTEM • Organs • bones

3. SKELETAL SYSTEM • Organs • bones • ligaments

7. SKELETAL SYSTEM • Organs • bones • ligaments • cartilages

8. SKELETAL SYSTEM • Organs • bones • ligaments • cartilages • joints

9. Skeletal System Functions • Support & Protection • Movement • Mineral storage • Blood cell production • Leverage

10. Classification of bones

11. Classification of bones Long bones

12. Classification of bones • Long bones • “Other Bones”

13. Classification of bones • Long bones • “Other Bones” • Short

14. Classification of bones • Long bones • “Other Bones” • Short • Flat

15. Classification of bones • Long bones • “Other Bones” • Short • Flat • Irregular

16. Classification of bones • Long bones • “Other Bones” • Short • Flat • Irregular • Sesamoid

17. Classification of bones • Long bones • “Other Bones” • Short • Flat • Irregular • Sesamoid • Wormian

18. Structure of long bones

19. Structure of “other bones”

20. Bone Development and Growth • Intramembranous ossification • Mesenchymal CT converted into bone

21. Bone Development and Growth • Endochondral ossification • Cartilage converted into bone

22. Bone Development and Growth • Increasing Length of Bone • Requires the epiphyseal plates

23. Bone Development and Growth • Appositional growth (Increase in thickness) • requires the osteoblasts from the periosteum

24. Bone Remodeling • Requires osteoblasts and osteoclasts

25. Factors Regulating Bone Growth • Growth hormone • Thyroid hormone • Sex hormones • Vitamin A and C • Vitamin D

26. Aging and the Skeletal System

27. Incidence of hip fractures with age

28. http://courses.washington.edu/bonephys/opop/opdem.html

29. Osteoporosis

30. Non-modifiable risk factors: • Being female • Thin and/or small frame • Advanced age • A family history • Early menopause • Caucasian or Asian descent • Being post-menopausal

31. Modifiable Risk Factors: • Smoking and alcohol • High protein diets (?) • Sedentary lifestyles • Excessive exercise • Some drugs (e.g. corticosteroids) • Anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa

32. Some Symptoms of 0steoporosis Hip fractures

33. Some Symptoms of 0steoporosis Vertebral fractures

34. Repairing Vertebral Fractures

35. Vertebral fractures can result in kyphosis

36. Prevention • A calcium rich diet (dairy and/or non-dairy sources) • Weight bearing exercises • Avoidance of risk factors

37. Intervertebral Disks

38. Intervertebral Disks

39. Intervertebral Disks

41. Herniated Disks

42. Herniated Disks

43. Herniated Disks

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