The American Revolution

The American Revolution Section 1

1. What was the French and Indian War? • It was the conflict between the French and the British over the Ohio River Valley • Colonists fought for the British, many of whom would lead the fight during the Revolution • In Europe this war was known as the Seven Years War

2. What was the Albany Plan of Union? • The Albany Plan of Union was the first time the colonists discussed forming their own government

3. The First Treaty of Paris • The 1st Treaty of Paris ended the French and Indian War • For the most part the French left North America

4. What problems for a government occur when fighting a war?

5. What was the Royal Proclamation of 1763? • This act of Parliament refused to allow colonists to settle the western frontier because of Native American attacks • Colonist were not happy

6. What was Britain’s plan to pay for war in North America? • George Grenville, the British Prime Minister, planned to implement new taxes on the colonies • This created a “black market” to avoid the taxes

7. What was the Sugar Act? • This act changed tax rates for raw sugar, molasses, silk, wine, coffee, pimento, and indigo.

8. What was the Currency Act of 1764? • This banned the use of paper money in the colonies, angering colonial farmers and artisans who used paper money to pay back loans • Basically it fought inflation

9. What was the Stamp Act? • Stamps were required on most printed materials.  • The stamp tax was the first direct tax Britain had ever placed on the colonists.

10. What was the Quartering Act? • This act forced the colonists to pay more for their own defense by providing places to stay for British troops in the colonies.

11. What was the response of the colonists? • Boycott or non-importation agreements to ban British goods

12. What was the Declaratory Act? • Gave Parliament the power to make laws for the colonies

13. What were the Townshend Acts? • The Revenue Act of 1767 placed higher taxes on goods and legalized writs of assistance, which was a form of a general search warrant

14. What were the Virginia Resolves? • The House of Burgesses stated that “only Virginians could tax Virginians”

15. What were the Sons of Liberty? • The Sons of Liberty were a colonial group that encouraged colonists to boycott British goods.

16. What was the Boston Massacre? • The event started over a disputed bill to a wigmaker • As the argument grew louder, the crowd grew • In fear, British officers fired into the large crowd, killing five, including CrispusAttuckus, a free African American

17. What were committees of correspondence? • Thomas Jefferson thought each colony should create a committee of correspondence to communicate with other colonies about British activities.

18. What caused the Boston Tea Party? • Parliament passed the Tea Act to help the British East India Company make a profit

19. What was the Boston Tea Party? • The Boston Tea Party was the response of the Sons of Liberty to the Tea Act

20. What were the Coercive Acts? • The Coercive Acts or Intolerable Acts were a series of laws that restricted the rights of the colonists

21. What was the Quebec Act? • The Quebec Act took territory from the west and gave it to the province of Quebec

22. What happened at the First Continental Congress? • The congress wrote the Declaration of Rights and Grievances, which announced a boycott of British goods, which would be enforced by a Continental Association

23. Who were the Minutemen? • The Minutemen were the Massachusetts militia who took pride in being ready to fight in a moments notice

24. Who were the Loyalists? • Americans called Loyalists, or Tories, remained loyal to the king and felt British laws should be upheld • Included government officials, prominent merchants, landowners, and a few farmers

25. Who were the Patriots? • The Patriots, or Whigs, thought the British were tyrants • Patriots included artisans, farmers, merchants, planters, lawyers, and urban workers

26. Is Paul Revere’s midnight ride a true story? • Sort of • Patriots Paul Revere and William Dawes were sent to Lexington to warn the people that the British were coming • Dr. Samuel Prescott went on to warn the people of Concord

27. What happened at Lexington and Concord? • The British attacked Lexington and 70 minutemen, killing 8 and wounding 10 • “Shot heard round the world” • The British continued to Concord, where 400 minutemen waited • The British retreated after a brief battle

28. What was the Second Continental Congress? • Met in Philadelphia to develop a plan to fight the British

29. What happened at the Battle of Bunker Hill? • Bunker Hill resulted in two successes of the Continental Army, not victories, • The Continentals forced the British to stop their attack • Huge confidence boost

30. What was the Olive Branch Petition? • It stated that the colonies were still loyal to King George III and asked the king to call off the army while a compromise could be made • At the same time, some colonists attacked Quebec • King George refused the Olive Branch Petition

31. What was Common Sense? • Common Sense was an essay written by Thomas Paine questioning the sanity of being ruled by someone thousands of miles away

32. What was the Declaration of Independence? • Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration to formally announce the separation of the colonies from Britain to the world • It also states the reasons for the separation

33. Who was William Howe? • Howe was the commander of the well trained British Army

34. Who was Robert Morris? • Morris was a wealthy Pennsylvania merchant who donated large sums of money to the war effort

35. What is guerilla warfare? • Guerilla warfare utilizes a quick strike and retreat philosophy • The American militiamen used this strategy to ambush the highly disciplined British • This was effective because the Americans did not have to defeat the British, just survive

36. What was the British strategy? • Howe wanted to convince the Americans that their cause was hopeless • Howe built up a large military to intimidate the Americans in hopes of an immediate surrender • When the British landed on Long Island, George Washington’s troops immediately surrendered allowing the British to capture New York City

37. Who was Nathan Hale? • Hale was an American Captain that spied on the British • Hale was captured and put to death • His last words were “I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country.”

38. What happened at Valley Forge? • Washington and his troops spent a hard winter at Valley Forge, where they were trained by Marquis de Lafayette

39. Who won the Battle of Saratoga? • Washington was able to force the British to surrender at Saratoga and 5000 British troops were taken prisoner • As a result, the French recognized American independence

40. Who was George Rogers Clark? • Clark forced the British and the Iroquois to surrender the western region (Ohio River Valley)

41. What did the British do following Saratoga? • After Saratoga the British focused their efforts in the south with a major victory in Charles Town, SC

42. Who was Charles Cornwallis? • Cornwallis was the commander of the British troops in the south • The actions of his troops and the loyalist army were often brutal

43. What was the importance of the Battle of Kings Mountain? • Southern farmers began to organize militia forces • The militias lured the British and Loyalists into the Appalachian Mountains and scored a huge victory • It was the turning point of the war in the south

44. Who was Francis Marion? • Known as the Swamp Fox, Marion and his militia was the inspiration for the movie “The Patriot”

45. Who was Benedict Arnold? • Arnold was a trusted companion of George Washington who decided to side with British in the middle of the war

46. Who was Anthony Wayne? • Wayne forced Cornwallis to retreat to Yorktown, where the British surrendered on October 19, 1781

The American Revolution