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Exploring Animal Body Plans: Diversity and Evolution

Discover the major body plan characteristics of animals, including symmetry, primary germ layers, gut organization, body cavities, segmentation, skeletal systems, circulatory systems, appendages, and coloniality. Learn about different germ layers and gut types, body cavity variations, skeletal and circulatory system diversity, appendage functions, and colonial behaviors in various animal groups. Dive into the fascinating world of animal anatomy and evolution!

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Exploring Animal Body Plans: Diversity and Evolution

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  1. Animal Body Plans

  2. Major Body Plan Characteristics of Animals • Symmetry • Primary Germ Layers • Gut Organization • Body Cavity • Segmentation • Skeletal Systems • Circulatory Systems • Appendages • Coloniality

  3. Symmetry • Asymmetry • Radial Symmetry • Bilateral Symmetry

  4. Primary Germ Layers Mesoderm • None • Diploblastic • Triploblast gut Ectoderm Endoderm

  5. The Formation of Primary Germ Layers

  6. Germ Layer Patterns Endoderm Diploblastic gut Ectoderm

  7. Diploblastic- two germ layers Phylum Cnidaria

  8. Germ Layer Patterns Mesoderm Triploblastic: 3 germ layers gut Ectoderm Endoderm acoelomate

  9. Gut Organization • No Gut • Blind Sac Gut • Complete Gut

  10. No Gut SpongesPhylum Porifera

  11. No Gut SpongesPhylum Porifera

  12. Blind Sac Gut Phylum Cnidaria

  13. Complete Gut

  14. Body Cavities • Acoelomate • Eucoelomate • Pseudocoelomate

  15. Acoelomate

  16. Eucoelomate

  17. Pseudocoelomate

  18. Segmentation

  19. Segmentation CentipedePhylum Arthropoda

  20. Segmentation LobsterPhylum Arthropoda Cephalothorax Antennae (sensory reception) Head Thorax Abdomen Mouthparts (feeding) Swimming Appendages Pincers (defense) Walking legs

  21. Skeleton

  22. Hydrostatic Skeleton Sea AnemonePhylum Cnidaria

  23. Hydrostatic Skeleton EarthwormPhylum Annelida

  24. Exoskeleton ChitonPhylum Mollusca

  25. Exoskeleton Stony CoralPhylum Cnidaria

  26. Endoskeletons Vertebrates Phylum Chordata

  27. Circulatory Systems

  28. Circulatory System • None (simple diffusion) • Body Cavity Circulation • Closed Circulatory System • Open Circulatory System

  29. No Circulatory System Comb JellyPhylum Ctenophora

  30. Circulation in a Moon Jellyfish Phylum Cnidaria

  31. Closed Versus Open Circulatory Systems

  32. Nervous Systems

  33. Types of Nervous Systems

  34. Coloniality

  35. Coloniality CoralPhylum Cnidaria

  36. Coloniality Sea FanPhylum Cnidaria

  37. Coloniality Man-of-WarPhylum Cnidaria

  38. Polymorphism in the Portuguese Man- of-War

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