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State of the World Land and Water Resources and their Sustainable Use for Food Security

State of the World Land and Water Resources and their Sustainable Use for Food Security PARVIZ KOOHAFKAN, Land and Water Development Division FAO, Rome. 1. Assessment of The State of The Land& Water Resources. In 2030 world population will double

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State of the World Land and Water Resources and their Sustainable Use for Food Security

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  1. State of the World Land and Water Resources and their Sustainable Use for Food Security PARVIZ KOOHAFKAN, Land and Water Development Division FAO, Rome

  2. 1. Assessment of The State of The Land& Water Resources • In 2030 world population will double • Majority of population will live in urban areas • Arable land expansion will be restricted • Water Scarcity will Arise at Local and Regional Levels • Natural Resources Degradation Will Accentuate Growth in food and agricultural production would need: • Sustainable land use intensification • environmental friendly technologies • maximising resource use efficiency

  3. Evolution in Rural and Urbain Population

  4. Land per capita allocation and distribution

  5. Agricultural water use in percentage of water withdrawal - 93 developing countries

  6. Irrigation efficiency 1996-2030

  7. Water withdrawal in the world(in percentage of water resources) >10% <5% >5% >25%

  8. Water scarcity? • Water scarcity is a local problem by nature • Water scarcity is also a regional problem • Water scarcity is not directly a global problem

  9. Soil Degradation Severity by Region

  10. Challenges for water and food • Increasing water productivity • Improving water use efficiency • Mitigating environmental effects of irrigation • Expanding small scale irrigation, mostly in Africa • Increasing water harvesting and water conservation

  11. Land degradation in drylands

  12. Salt affected soils

  13. Sand dune Enchrochement

  14. Degradation of Rangelands

  15. Desertification and migration

  16. Agriculture: Towards 2015/30Technical Interim Report Sources of growth: all developing countries

  17. 2. Analysis of issues and programmes on: Food security (SPFS) Soil fertility Initiative(SFI) Desertification (CCD) Climate Change(UNFCC) Biological Diversity(CBD)

  18. Comparison between Strategies of Implementation SPFS SFI UNCCD UNCBD UNFCC • In-Situ & Ex-Situ Conservation • Ecosystem management • IPM • Water control • Intensification • Diversification • IPNS • Land husbandry • crop rotations • S&W conservation • Agro-forestry • Range land & livestock management • Alternative energy • M- tillage • reforestation Technologies & Practices • National FS strategy • Micro-credit • South-South • cooperation • NAP • Cost benefit analysis • Fertilizer market regulations • Kyoto protocol • CDM • Forest Conservation • National Assessment • LPZ Plan of Action • NAP & RAP • Regional networks • Inter-institutional • arrangements Policies & planning • national plans/strategies • working with land users • Participatory and integrated approaches • Combined short and long term benefits • partnership building Commonalties and cross cutting themes

  19. SPFS: Status of Implementation

  20. SFI: Status of Implementation under formulation NAP prepared

  21. CCD: Status of Implementation first NAP document NDF launched Source UNSO

  22. COMPLEMENTARITY BETWEEN SPFS/SFI/CCD/UNFCC/CBD Analysis shows that all these programmes have: • high inter-relation ; can not be treated separately • strong national ownership with international partnership • emphasis on resources but need to include more socio-economic aspects • rely generally on the same human resources at local and national level • Act on the same land Integrated & participatory approach at all levels; optimising priorities and harmonising actions

  23. GLOBAL SOIL ORGANIC CARBON Restoring degraded soils globally Average C sequestration potential with Same as the atmospheric net increase in CO2 !! Source: Natural Resource Conservation Service and Donald Reicosky

  24. CombatingLand degradation Soil fertilityrestoration Crop & Soil biodiversity Foodsecurity

  25. Time Biomass Roots + S.O.M. Land use change

  26. Promising Avenues for Agriculture Sustainable Intensification • Low-Cost/ Low-Risk Irrigation Techniques • Water Conservation and Water harvesting • Reliance on Local Genetic Resources and Carefully-Selected Biotechnology • Integrated Plant Nutrition Systems, Precision Farming, • use of solar and wind energy in agricultural production and processing Integration and Diversification • Integrated Watershed Management, Conservation Agriculture • Urban and Peri-Urban Agriculture (greenhouse agriculture wastewater treatment and re-use, drip irrigation,..) • Export Crops, Organic Farming, Integrated Pest Management • Agro-Tourism and Nature Conservation

  27. Integrated production systems Landscape ANIMAL HUSBANDRY CROP HUSBANDRY FARMER Markets Culture SOIL, WATER AND PLANT NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT

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