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Navigation

Navigation. TASKS. Pilotage and Dead Reckoning Navigation Systems and ATC Radar Services Diversion Lost Procedures. Pilotage. Flying from one visible landmark to another When one landmark is reached, another more distant landmark should be selected. Pilotage.

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Navigation

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  1. Navigation

  2. TASKS • Pilotage and Dead Reckoning • Navigation Systems and ATC Radar Services • Diversion • Lost Procedures

  3. Pilotage • Flying from one visible landmark to another • When one landmark is reached, another more distant landmark should be selected

  4. Pilotage • Apply wind drift correction to maintain desired ground track • More difficult when areas lack prominent landmarks or under conditions of low visibility

  5. Dead Reckoning • Navigating solely by means of computations based on true airspeed, course, heading, wind direction and speed, groundspeed, and elapsed time • It is “deduced reckoning” hence the term

  6. Navigation Systems • Know how to use all navigation systems in your airplane - VOR, ADF, LORAN, GPS • Determine and control ground track on the basis of navigation instrument indications

  7. Navigation Systems • Communicate with ATC facilities to • Participate in VFR radar traffic advisories • Terminal radar programs • Radar assistance to lost aircraft

  8. Diversion • Reasons for diversions • Low fuel • Bad weather • Pilot or passenger fatigue or illness • Airplane system or equipment malfunction

  9. Diversion • Procedures • Confirm present position • Select alternate airport and estimate a heading to put you on course • Write down the time and turn to new heading

  10. Diversion • Draw a new course line • Refine your heading by pilotage and available navigation systems • Compute groundspeed, arrival time and fuel

  11. Lost Procedures • 5 Cs • Climb • Communicate • Confess • Comply • Conserve

  12. Lost Procedures • Maintain you original heading and look for landmarks • Identify the nearest concentration of landmarks • Use all available navigation systems and ask for help from any ATC or FSS facility

  13. Lost Procedures • Plan a precautionary landing if weather conditions get worse or low on fuel

  14. Navigation • Time to station • Established inbound on a radial rotate the obs 10o to the left, turn the aircraft 10o to the right • Note the time and maintain heading until the cdi centers

  15. Navigation • Note the time • Time to the station is the same as the time to complete the 10o change of bearing

  16. Time to station (min) • Note the radial you are on • Turn 90o to the left or right • Note the time elapsed between bearings • 60 x Min flown between bearing change Degrees of bearing change

  17. Distance To station (NM) • TAS X Min. flown between bearing change • Degrees of bearing change

  18. Fuel Required • Rate of fuel consumptionx Min to station • 60

  19. Navigation • When a relative bearing doubles in a specific time, the time to the station is that time.

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