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Diabetes Medications

Diabetes Medications. Choices for Treatment. Oral Diabetes Medications. Let’s review the body!. Liver. Intestines. Fat cells. Pancreas. Muscles. What does the body do?. Liver: Produces glucose (sugar) Pancreas: Produces insulin Intestines: Absorb carbs from food

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Diabetes Medications

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  1. Diabetes Medications Choices for Treatment

  2. Oral Diabetes Medications • Let’s review the body! Liver Intestines Fat cells Pancreas Muscles

  3. What does the body do? • Liver: • Produces glucose (sugar) • Pancreas: • Produces insulin • Intestines: • Absorb carbs from food • Produce hormones that increase insulin and regulate glucose

  4. What does the body do? • Muscle cells: • Use glucose • Fat cells • Prevent muscle cells from using glucose

  5. Important! • Diet and exercise are always recommended for managing diabetes! • Oral medicines (pills) are useful at first, but many people eventually need to include insulin (a shot). • If you need to add insulin to help control your blood sugar, it does NOT mean you have failed!

  6. Medicine Categories • Pills that affect the pancreas and make it produce more insulin • Sulfonylureas • Glipizide (Glucotrol) • Glyburide (Micronase) • Glimepiride (Amaryl) • Meglitinides • Repaglinide (Prandin) • Nateglinide (Starlix) Pancreas

  7. Medicine Categories • Pills that make insulin work better • Metformin (Glucophage) • Makes muscle cells use glucose better • Keeps the liver from producing extra glucose • Decreases how much glucose the intestines absorb • Helps you lose weight Liver Muscle cells Intestines

  8. Medicine Categories • Pills that make insulin work better • Rosiglitizone (Avandia) • Pioglitizone (Actos) Pancreas The pancreas produces insulin. If it stops producing insulin, these medicines will not be helpful.

  9. Medicine Categories • Pills that affect the intestines • Acarbose (Precose) • Miglitol (Glyset) Slow glucose absorption from intestines; taken before a meal

  10. Medicine Categories • Others that affect the intestines • Exenatide (Byetta) • Injection • Made from saliva of Gila monster • Helps you lose weight • Sitagliptin (Januvia) • A pill • More effective when used with metformin

  11. Insulin • All people with Type 1 diabetes must use insulin. • Many people with Type 2 diabetes eventually must use insulin. • Insulin is a “natural” hormone normally produced by the pancreas. • Insulin is often given in addition to oral diabetes medicines. • Insulin cannot be given as a pill because it is destroyed by stomach enzymes.

  12. Let’s Review! • Name some body parts or organs that are important in understanding diabetes. • Two of the medicines we talked about will help you lose weight. Can you name one of them? • True or False? If you have to start taking insulin, it means you have not been doing a good job managing your diabetes.

  13. Insulin Options • Long-Acting (Basal Insulin) • NPH • Glargine (Lantus) • Detemir (Levemir) • Advantages: • Helps you reach goal blood sugars • Once (or twice) daily injection • No “peaks or valleys,” so little risk of low blood sugar reactions.

  14. Insulin Options • Disadvantages basal insulin: • It’s a shot! • Cost (but prescription assistance programs are available!) • Need to check blood sugar. • Need to increase dose gradually at first. • Some people gain weight with insulin.

  15. Insulin Options • Short-acting insulin • Given several times a day. • Can be given in addition to a long-acting insulin. (“Intensive insulin therapy”) • Helps control blood sugars after meals. • Helps reach healthy Hemoglobin A1c goals. • Can prevent diabetes complications. • Short-acting insulin is less expensive than long-acting forms.

  16. Insulin Options • Disadvantages: • More risk of low blood sugar. • Requires frequent blood sugar testing. • Weight gain. • More shots. • Requires regular meal times. • Requires good understanding of carbs.

  17. How do you feel about… • Diabetes medicines in general? • The fact that you will need to take medicine every day for the rest of your life? • The idea that someday you might need to take insulin? Do you have any questions about the medicines that we talked about?

  18. Diabetes is a life-long disease in which the pancreas eventually wears out. • Diabetes medicines usually need to be adjusted in dose or type of medicine over time. • Many people (including healthcare providers) have fears about starting insulin. • Insulin does not mean failure!

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