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THE BIBLIOGRAPHY

THE BIBLIOGRAPHY. What is it? Why is it important? How to write bibliography entries. What’s a bibliography?. It’s a list of all the resources you have used to do your project. To give credit to the person who originally collected the facts and information.

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THE BIBLIOGRAPHY

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  1. THE BIBLIOGRAPHY What is it? Why is it important? How to write bibliography entries.

  2. What’s a bibliography? • It’s a list of all the resources you have used to do your project.

  3. To give credit to the person who originally collected the facts and information. To lend credibility to your work. When you are doing a research assignment, you are using the information that someone else has researched. So give that person some credit. If it were your idea, wouldn’t you want a bit of credit? Why should you include a bibliography with your projects?

  4. What information do you need to write a bibliography entry? Information varies depending on what type of resource you have used. In general you will need: • Author’s name • Title of the resource • Publication info. - Place of publication - Publisher - Date of publication

  5. Where to find the information for the bibliography? • Always take the information from the title page & verso (the reverse side) of the title page. Note: The cover of a book may only include a title and the author’s name.

  6. What is special about a bibliography entry? • The system of punctuation marks is what distinguishes a bibliography from a simple list. • The information is always in a specific order. • No matter what the language, an entry is unique and we can identify each part of the entry by its position in the entry.

  7. PUNCTUATION TELLS THE STORY Lebrun, Michel. Le Discours. Montreal: Hachette, 1999. Ht,,lei.Doodix.Di: de.a,1992.

  8. How do you write a bibliography entry? The examples on the next few slides will show you examples for: • a book with one author • a book with 2 authors • a book with 3 or more authors • a book with no author or a book with editors. • Encyclopedia articles • Magazine & Newspaper articles • Audiovisual Resources • Computer Resources

  9. INFORMATION Author: John Smith Title: Baseball Basics Place of publication:New York Publisher:Prentice Hall Inc. Date: 1999 --------------------------------------------------------------------- EXAMPLE Smith, John. Baseball Basics. New York: Prentice Hall Inc., 1999. FOR A BOOK WITH ONE AUTHOR ...

  10. EXAMPLE Smith, John. Baseball Basics. New York: Prentice Hall Inc., 1999. NOTICE ... The author’s last name is first. The specific order of the information. The title is underlined. Punctuation marks are very important and you must use them according to the rules for the bibliography format. The second line of the entry is indented. For a book with one author ...

  11. What happens if information is missing?

  12. If the author’s name is not listed, start with the title of the book. Example: Baseball Basics. New York: Prentice Hall Inc., 1999.

  13. MISSING PUBLICATION INFORMATION Use the following abbreviations: s.l. – If there is no place of publication s.n. – If there is no company listed s.d. – If there is no date of publication ONLY USE THESE ABBREVIATIONS WHEN PUBLICATION INFORMATION IS MISSING!

  14. EXAMPLES Smith, John. Baseball Basics. s.l.: Prentice Hall Inc., 1999. Smith, John. Baseball Basics. New York: s.n., 1999. Smith, John. Baseball Basics. New York: Prentice Hall, s.d..

  15. FOR BOOKS WITH 2 AUTHORS • The information is in the same order except that the 2nd author’s name is written with the first name first. Example: Smith, John and Mary Scott. BaseballBasics. New York: Prentice Hall Inc., 1999.

  16. For books with 3 or more authors • The 2nd, 3rd , 4th authors’ names should not be listed. • Replace their names by the Latin term: et al. • et al. =“and others” Example: Smith, John et al. Baseball Basics. New York: Prentice Hall Inc., 1999.

  17. BIBLIOGRAPHIES FOR ENCYCLOPEDIA ARTICLES

  18. Information needed forENCYCLOPEDIA ARTICLES • Author of the article, if available • Title of the Article (i.e. The subject) • Title of the Encyclopedia • Publication information (where, who, when) • Volume number • Page number(s)

  19. EXAMPLES When author is listed Levy, Barry. “Hanukkah,” The World Book Encyclopedia. Chicago: World Book Inc., 1995, vol. 9, pp. 54-55. When author is not listed “Rain Forest,” Encyclopedia of Biomes. Detroit: UXL, 2000, vol. 2, pp. 258 – 279. Reminders: • Arrange the information in the correct order. • Use the proper punctuation marks to separate the information.

  20. PERIODICALS(Magazines or Newspapers) You will need the same information as for an encyclopedia. • Who wrote the article? • The article’s title • The name of the periodical (i.e. magazine or newspaper) • The date of the periodical • The vol. & page number(s), if available EXAMPLES Johnson, Bill. “Earthquake rocks the island.” The Calgary Herald. 1999 June 7, p. A1. Tucker, Ken. “Finale Frontiers,” Entertainment Weekly. 2001 May 28, vol. No. 597, pp. 81-83.

  21. AUDIOVISUALRESOURCES These resources rarely have an author listed because many people are responsible for producing them. • Begin with the title of the resource and remember to indicate what type of resource it is (i.e. Video, Slides, etc.) • Publication Information may be missing, so remember to use the correct abbreviations. EXAMPLES Acid Rain. (Video) Ontario: McIntyre Media Ltd., 1982. Indians of the Pacific Northwest. (Kit) s.l.: PEMC, 1980.

  22. INTERVIEW SOURCES You need to include the basic information. (i.e. Who?, What?, Where?, When?) EXAMPLE Daniel, Mary. (Principal of Kitsilano Secondary) Vancouver, BC: 2001 May 15. • Include the person’s title if applicable. • Date should be in standard international format year month date 2005 July 21

  23. CD ROM RESOURCES • Always include the term ‘CD-Rom’ in parentheses following the title of the resource. • The author or person responsible for gathering the information is not always listed. Therefore, like an encyclopedia article, begin with the keyword / subject you searched. • Publication information is not always listed on the menu screen of the resource. Therefore remember to use the abbreviations (s.l. / s.n. / s.d.) when the information is not available.

  24. Examples for CD-Rom Resources “Ecology,” The World Book Information Finder. (CD-Rom) s.l.: World Book Inc., 1995. “Medieval Architecture,” Time Table of History: Science & Innovation. (CD-Rom) s.l.: Toolworks Software, 1991. “Whales,” National Geographic Mammals. (CD-Rom) s.l.: National Geographic Society, 1995.

  25. INTERNET RESOURCES • Always include as much information as possible. (Title of the site, name of the person who created the site - if available, etc.) • The site’s address should be in [square brackets] • The date is the date on which you accessed the site. EXAMPLES “Bulfinch’s Mythology.” [http://www.bulfinch.org/legends] 2005 May 7. Shapiro, Jeremy. “The Electronic Resume.” [http://www. careermosaic.com/cm] 2005 May 26.

  26. General Rulesfor writing a bibliography Once you have written the entries for your resources: • Arrange the resources alphabetically - usually by author’s name. • Never number the entries. • Remember to indent the 2nd line of each entry. • Remember to leave a blank line between the entries. • Double check … triple check the punctuation marks! Every mark counts! • Place your bibliography on a separate piece of paper at the end of your assignment.

  27. BIBLIOGRAPHY SAMPLE Bibliography “Baseball,” World Book Encyclopedia. Chicago: World Book Inc., 1995, vol. 2, pp. 93 – 100. History of Baseball. Detroit: Gale Pub. Co., 1985. Smith, John. Baseball Basics. New York: Prentice Hall Inc., 1999.

  28. IT’S LIKE PUTTING TOGETHER THE PIECES OF A PUZZLE. You need all the pieces to make it complete. & The pieces must be put together correctly, for it to be perfect. IF IN DOUBT, ASK A TEACHER-LIBRARIAN.

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