Contrasting Athens and Sparta in Ancient Greece

1. Ancient Greece Study Guide Underlined questions are VERY IMPORTANT!!!!!!

2. 11. Athens and Sparta are different. Describe their differences in three ways: a. Military - Athens had a strong navy Sparta had a strong Army. Boys had to join at the age of seven. b. Cultural – Athenians were more intellectual – arts, literature (poetry and drama), architecture, math, science and medicine. The Spartans did not place any importance on those things and instead valued physical athleticism and military. c. Government - Athens was a democracy Sparta was an Oligarchy

3. 12) Who was Pericles and why is he important to Athens? Pericles was a leader and politician in Athens. He helped to encourage the arts and philosophy in Athens during the Golden Age. 13) How did the Persian Wars impact Greece? Sparta defeated Athens and Greece became weak after 30 years of civil war 14) What were three important things happening (achievements) in Athens during the Golden Age? Athens’ Golden Age was marked with great achievements in arts, sciences, drama, government, and philosophy.

4. 15) Who were the three famous philosophers who we discussed and what were they each famous for (in your vocabulary booklet)? Socrates- encouraging students to question the world around them Plato – creating the first Academy in Athens where others could learn philosophy Aristotle- teacher of Alexander the Great who studied science and explained things through observation 16) What events weakened Greece and left it open for attack? The war between Sparta and Athens left Greece in ruins and left them open for attack by Alexander the Great. 17) Who was Alexander the Great and what did he do? Alexander the Great was a Macedonian King who conquered Greece and the eastern world. He spread Greek culture all over the ancient world.

5. 18) How did Alexander the Great spread Greek culture? He loved Greek culture, because Aristotle (his tutor) was Greek. He conquered other areas and wanted them to live like the Greeks did. 19) Who were Zeus, Poseidon, Athena, and Hades? They were all Greek gods and goddesses. Zeus was god of the heavens, Poseidon was god of the seas, Athena was goddess of wisdom and Hades was the god of the underworld. 20) Was Greece a monotheistic or polytheistic society? Explain your answer. Greece was polytheistic because the Greeks believed in many gods. *See above.

6. Underlined questions are VERY IMPORTANT!!!!!! • Define the term city-state. Political units made up of a city and all the surrounding areas. 2) What are some things that would be found in a city-state? acropolis, temples, homes, agora, citizens, government buildings, surrounding land

7. 3) Why did the Greeks form city-states? They needed protection from invaders. 4) What form of government is Athens famous for developing? Democracy 5) Who could participate in Athens’ government? Only citizens of Athens could participate in government. The citizens were men who were educated, born in Athens and over 18 years old. 6) Describe the geography of Ancient Greece. Greece is mainly mountainous and surrounded by water on three sides (peninsula)

8. 7) What about Greece’s geography allowed for the formation of the city-states? Because of the mountains, the Greek city-states formed in the isolated valleys. 8) What are the three types of columns that the Greeks were first to design? Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian 9) What are some ways the United States uses Greek architecture today? (list two other examples besides columns) Stadiums, domes, modern day sewage systems 10) What was the Parthenon? The Parthenon was a temple built in Athens which housed the statue of the goddess Athena.