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Childhood Obesity: Complications and Implications

Childhood Obesity: Complications and Implications. Amanda Mendez, RN, MSN, FNP-C Daurice Ring, RN, MSN, CNP. Introduction to Obesity . Obesity as defined by the CDC Today we will discuss complications of childhood obesity and implications for adulthood.

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Childhood Obesity: Complications and Implications

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  1. Childhood Obesity: Complications and Implications Amanda Mendez, RN, MSN, FNP-C Daurice Ring, RN, MSN, CNP

  2. Introduction to Obesity • Obesity as defined by the CDC • Today we will discuss complications of childhood obesity and implications for adulthood. • We as school based health advocates have the obligation to be aware of these complications.

  3. Obesity • Complications • Physical • Psychological • Implications • During Childhood • During Adulthood

  4. Body Mass Index • BMI • Children’s BMI is an age and sex specific percentile. • Varies as they age • Varies between sexes

  5. Body Mass Index • It is the most widely accepted method for screening. • It is relatively easy to obtain. • It is non-invasive. • It is NOT diagnostic because it is not a direct measure of body fatness.

  6. Obesity • Overweight • >85% Body Mass Index (BMI) but <95% BMI • Obesity • >95% BMI

  7. Obesity • Among preschool-aged children, aged 2–5 years, the prevalence of obesity increased from 5.0% to 12.4%. • Among school-aged children, aged 6–11 years, the prevalence of obesity increased from 4.0% to 17.0%.8, 46 • Among school-aged adolescents, aged 12–19 years, the prevalence of obesity increased from 6.1% to 17.6%.

  8. Obesity • The prevalence rate of obesity was higher among Mexican-American boys (22.1%) and Non-Hispanic black girls (27.7%).

  9. Contributing Factors • Imbalance between calories consumed and calories used to support growth and development • Genetics • Behavior/Lifestyle • Environment

  10. Genetic Factors • Susceptibility to retain excess body weight • Rare genetic disorders • Prader-Willi syndrome • Cannot be solely genetic • The genetics of our population have not changed significantly in the last 30 years, yet childhood obesity has tripled.

  11. Behavior/Lifestyle Factors • Energy intake • Large portions • Calorie dense foods • Physical Activity • Decreased 14% in 13 years in schools • Less than 28% in high school meet minimum recommendations for physical activity.

  12. Behavior/Lifestyle Factors (cont.) • Sedentary Behavior • Television • Video games • Movies • Computers • Cell Phones

  13. Environmental Factors • Home • Child care • School • Community

  14. Physical Complications of Obesity • Type 2 Diabetes • Metabolic Syndrome • High blood pressure • Asthma and other respiratory problems • Sleep disorders

  15. Physical Complications of Obesity (cont.) • Liver disease • Early puberty or menarche • Eating disorders • Skin infections

  16. Physical Complications of Obesity (cont.) • Type 2 Diabetes • Glucose intolerance • Hyperinsulinemia • Acanthosis Nigricans • Overt Diabetes • Cardiovascular Disease • Kidney Failure

  17. Physical Complications of Obesity (cont.) • Metabolic Syndrome • High blood glucose • High blood pressure • Abdominal obesity • Low HDL, elevated cholesterol and high triglycerides

  18. Psychological Complications of Obesity • Depression • Behavior and learning problems • Low self-esteem and bullying

  19. Psychological Complications of Obesity (cont.) • Obese children and adolescents are targets of early and systematic social discrimination. • This type of social stigmatization may hinder academic success, social functioning, and may impact adulthood.

  20. Schools and Obesity • Free and reduced meals • Lower socioeconomic status • May contribute more than 50% of caloric intake • Alternative foods • Snack bars • Student stores • Vending machines

  21. Schools and Obesity (cont.) • Programs to encourage physical activity • Regardless of athletic abilities • Health related fitness classes • Programs regarding nutrition and weight control • Healthy food choices • Portion control

  22. Schools and Obesity (cont.) • Many factors outside of school influence obesity. • The education system alone may not overcome obesity. • Schools may be able to provide an opportunity for prevention.

  23. Summary • Obesity is 95% or greater BMI • Physical Implications • Psychological Implications • What we can do?

  24. Where to Get More Information • http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/index.html • http://www.who.int/topics/obesity/en/ • www.sparkpeople.com

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