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Mutation

Mutation. The process that produces a gene or a chromosome set that is differing than that of the wild type. . The gene or a chromosome set that results from such a process. . Gene product. DNA. Protein. mRNA. RNA. Structural. Enzyme. Structural. Functional & Regulatory RNAs.

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Mutation

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  1. Mutation The process that produces a gene or a chromosome set that is differing than that of the wild type. The gene or a chromosome set that results from such a process.

  2. Gene product DNA Protein mRNA RNA Structural Enzyme Structural Functional & Regulatory RNAs

  3. Synthetic lethal- A screening method used to uncover mutations in a second gene that will require the cell to maintain a wild-type copy of the gene being studied in order to survive. 1st mutation + 2nd mutation = lethalityThis screen is commonly used in yeast genetics, but can be used in other model organisms as well.

  4. A A B a a a a a b b b X

  5. B A B A a a a a b b b b X

  6. Usually an A is inserted instead of the depurinated sute

  7. Mutagens מוטגנים Chemical Agents חומרים כימיים Radiation קרינה Mobile Genetic Elements אלמנטים DNA ניידים

  8. Mutagens מוטגנים Chemical Agents חומרים כימיים Base analogs Base modifying agents Intercalators Other classes Millions of natural and synthetic compounds

  9. 2-AP: 2- aminopurine

  10. 5-BU :5 bromouracil

  11. Rare form of BrU as dBrUTP

  12. Rare form of BrU in Template

  13. Mutagens מוטגנים Chemical Agents חומרים כימיים Base analogs Base modifying agents Intercalators Other classes Millions of natural and synthetic compounds

  14. Alkelating agents

  15. 2-AP EMS NG

  16. Mutation rate, a question of balance

  17. Mutations DNA repair

  18. Intercalators Leads to insertion or deletion

  19. Mutagens מוטגנים Chemical Agents חומרים כימים Base analogs Base modifying agents Intercalators Other classes Millions of natural and synthetic compounds

  20. Mutagens מוטגנים Chemical Agents חומרים כימיים Radiation קרינה Ultraviolet (UV) אולטראסגול Ionizing מייננת Mobile Genetic Elements אלמנטים DNA ניידים

  21. Photoproduct Between two adjacent pyrimidines C-C or C-T Resulting in C to T but also transversions and large duplication & insertion

  22. Animation 16.1

  23. Mutagens מוטגנים Chemical Agents חומרים כימיים Radiation קרינה End Dec. 8

  24. Ames test Strains inactive for BER and prone for entry if molecules TA100- sensitive for reversion by base pair substitution TA 1535/8 frameshift

  25. Mutagens מוטגנים Chemical Agents חומרים כימיים Radiation קרינה Mobile Genetic Elements אלמנטים DNA ניידים

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