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News?

News?. How is it viewed? & Who is the audience?. Quotes about what is news 1. When a dog bites a man that is not news, but when a man bites a dog that is news. Charles Anderson Dana, American journalist, 1819-1897

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News?

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  1. News? How is it viewed? & Who is the audience?

  2. Quotes about what is news 1 • When a dog bites a man that is not news, but when a man bites a dog that is news.Charles Anderson Dana, American journalist, 1819-1897 • News is what somebody somewhere wants to suppress; all the rest is advertising. Lord Northcliffe, British publisher 1865-1922

  3. Quotes about what is news 2 • Well, news is anything that's interesting, that relates to what's happening in the world, what's happening in areas of the culture that would be of interest to your audience. Kurt Loder, American journalist, b. 1945 • It is hard news that catches readers. Features hold them.Lord Northcliffe, British publisher 1865-1922

  4. Quotes about what is news 3 • News is anything that makes a reader say, `Gee Whiz'!Arthur MacEwen, American editor • No one says "Gee Whiz!" very much these days, of course, not even in America — both because that expression has long since been supplanted by others more colourful and less printable, and because our capacity for surprise has long since been dulled by a surfeit of sources.Shashi Tharoor, Indian writer and diplomat, b. 1956

  5. Quotes about what is news 4 • To a journalist, good news is often not news at all. Phil Donahue, American entertainer, b. 1935 • No news is good news. Ludovic Halevy, French author, 1834-1908

  6. Quotes about what is news 5 • For most folks, no news is good news; for the press, good news is not news.Gloria Borger, American journalist, b. 1952 • The real news is bad news.Marshall Mcluhan, Canadian communications theorist, 1911-1980

  7. Quotes about what is news 6 • [News is] a first rough draft of history. Philip L. Graham, American publisher, 1915-1963

  8. So what is news? • News has two priorities: it must be current, and it must mean something to people. • A story about the environment and a story about the Oscars can both be newsworthy, for different reasons. http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/special_initiatives/toolkit/news_industry/what_is_it_news.cfm

  9. What Is News? As a journalist, you typically write articles and get to choose your story topics. But first you need to understand your audience. How do they view news? What is news to them? Then once you have done that, it's important to understand what makes something or someone newsworthy.

  10. Journalism History A brief look

  11. How has the news audience changed? Media Audience • Newspapers • First American newspaper, Publick Occurrences, Both Foreign and Domestick, is published in Boston — 1690 • Declaration of Independence — 1776 • Photography —1826 • Only wealthy & clergy were educated • Almost exclusively white male audience

  12. How has the news audience changed? Media Audience • Magazines • McCall's Magazine and The Saturday Evening Post • Used advertising to keep pricing low • Between 1890 and 1905 the circulation of monthly periodicals went from 18 million to 64 million. Cover of 1911 McCall's magazine

  13. How has the news audience changed? Media Audience • Magazines • Good Housekeeping and Vogue began targeting niche markets • General interest and ladies magazines flourished. • Women’s readership increased as they were targeted. 1930’s Vogue Cover

  14. How has the news audience changed? Media Audience • Newspapers • 1917 Ethnic papers reach a peak with 1,323 foreign-language publications 1910-1914 Number of newspapers in the US reaches a high. • Faster presses helped to lower costs • Readership increased among minorities. Freedom’s Journal 1827 First African American owned and operated newspaper published in the United States.

  15. How has the news audience changed? Media Then Audience • 1900’s Magazines & NSPs • Yellow & Muckraking Journalism • McClure's Magazine, owned by Samuel McClure • Magazines—1920’s-40’s Founding of Time, Reader’s Digest, Life, Look • Penny papers made news available to most. • Those “interested” in editors exaggerations of news events, scandal-mongering, or sensationalism. YJ • Public interested in of researched investigation of corruption and social problems. M

  16. How has the news audience changed? Media Audience • Telegraph — 1900 • Radio — 1910 (about) • The First Radio News Broadcast August 31, 1920 • The first radio news program is broadcast by station 8MK in Detroit, Michigan.

  17. How has the news audience changed? Media Audience • Newspapers • After 1954 More News Was Distributed Electronically than on Paper 1950 • According to Asa Brigg’s The History of British Broadcasting in the United Kingdom, Vol. 4, p. 524, newspaper circulation in. • Thereafter more news was distributed over radio and television than through print.

  18. Media Audience • TV • Commercial black and white television broadcasting began in the US. • Regular color broadcasts 1963

  19. How has the news audience changed? Past Audience • Personal Home Computers — late 1970’s • The Apple founded 1977 • Tandy TRS-80 • Commodore Pet • Apple released the Macintosh — 1984 • Public • Educators • Students

  20. How has the news audience changed? Media Audience • Cable news just started • The Cable News Network (CNN) was launched at 5:00 p.m. EST on Sunday June 1, 1980 CNN's first broadcast with David Walker and Lois Hart on June 1, 1980. • Cable subscribers

  21. How has the news audience changed? Media Audience • ARPANET — 1962 • Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the U.S. Department of Defense • A future-oriented funder of ‘high-risk, high-gain’ research, lays the groundwork for what much later becomes the Internet. "In the Beginning, ARPA created the ARPANET. And the ARPANET was without form and void. And darkness was upon the deep. And the spirit of ARPA moved upon the face of the network and ARPA said, 'Let there be a protocol,' and there was a protocol. And ARPA saw that it was good. And ARPA said, 'Let there be more protocols,' and it was so. And ARPA saw that it was good. And ARPA said, 'Let there be more networks,' and it was so." —- Danny Cohen

  22. How has the news audience changed? Media Audience • Internet • 199o ARPANET formally shuts down after 20 years. • Internet first became viable for public use. • 1994, journalists made their first tentative steps onto the internet. • Scientists • Government workers • Military

  23. How has the news audience changed? Media Audience • Internet • Associated Press (f. 1846) launches AP Streaming News to give news sites and broadcasters multimedia content — 2000 • News Professionals • Public

  24. How has the news audience changed? Media Audience • Internet • Online journalists were at the cutting edge of news reporting, both during and after the destruction of the World Trade Center on 11 September 2001. • As 9/11 crisis unfolded, telegraph.co.uk serviced 600 page requests per second.

  25. How has the news audience changed? Media Audience • Internet • July 2005 Eyewitnesses sending photos and reports on mobile phones provide the first on-location material ahead of professional journalists. • Professional photographers worry that their jobs are threatened by the rise of 'citizen journalism', but many publishers feel the content provides a valuable supplement to their core coverage.

  26. Where does the audience view news now? 2006 Study Points the Way

  27. Let the public guide you • Study released by • Pew Research Center for the People and the Press • July 2006 • An average day • 81 percent of Americans access news • Where are they getting it?

  28. Snapshot of Typical Day • 13 million people listen to "Morning Edition" on NPR1 • 9 million people watch ABC World News Tonight2 • 2.4 million people watch The O'Reilly Factor on Fox News3 • 1.6 million people watch The Daily Show4 • 1.4 million people visit NYTimes.com5 • 1 million people buy The New York Times print edition6 • 715,000 people buy TheWashington Post print edition7 • 500,000 people visit Daily Kos8 • 350,000 people watch CNN's American Morning9 • 55,000 people visit Power Line10

  29. Snapshot of a Typical Day

  30. Snapshot of a Typical Day

  31. On a typical day Americans... • 57% watch TV news • 40% read a newspaper • 36% listen to news on the radio • 23 % get news online

  32. On a typical day Americans... • Online news visits • 18% visit news aggregators (Google News, Yahoo! News, AOL News, etc.) • 14% visit national TV networks' sites (CNN.com, MSNBC.com, ABCnews.com, etc.) • 14% visit newspaper Web sites • 4% visit news blogs • 3% visit online news magazines (Slate.com, Salon.com, etc.)

  33. On a typical day... • 57% of Americans watch TV news • 54% watch their local news • 34% watch cable news channels • 28% watch the nightly network news • 23% watch the morning news programs (The Today Show, Good Morning America, etc.)

  34. On a typical day... • 57% of Americans watch TV news • 54% watch their local news • 34% watch cable news channels • 28% watch the nightly network news • 23% watch the morning news programs (The Today Show, Good Morning America, etc.)

  35. Overall audience trends: The total number of Americans getting news on an average day is down almost 10 percent from 1994. On average, Americans spend 67 minutes of each day gathering news from various formats.

  36. Young Americans (under 30) on an average day Most likely to get no news at all. • 27 percent of people report they get no news on an average day. • Those who do get news, half go to multiple sources.

  37. Americans on an average day As points of comparison: • 63 percent watch non-news TV • 44 percent exercise or play a sport • 38 percent read a book, • 24 percent read a magazine • 24 percent watch a movie at home • 17 percent play video games.

  38. Your Turn Find out where people find their news.

  39. Fill out handout Homework Corner Pick up from the front desk copy of Where do people find their news? • Listen to directions given by instructor and written on handout. • Talk to people not in this class. • Do all five interviews and tally by next class. • Do not fill out the last three questions until next class. • Remember to put your name on the paper. • PBS Frontline http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/newswar/part3/stats.html

  40. These questions will always give you the best answers. • These are questions that cannot be simply answered yes or no. • This forces the respondent to give you better, longer answers. Ask questions like: • How do you obtain your news information? • Where do you find news information? • How often do you read, listen or watch news? • Which news sources do you believe are most trustworthy? Asking questions Open-ended Follow-up

  41. These build off of a response from the interviewee. • These often get a reporter their best information. Ask questions like: • How do you obtain your news information? • Where do you find news information? • Which channel, web page, paper specifically do you use? • What is the specific name of the location you use? • How often do you read, listen or watch news? • What time of day do you do this? • Which news sources do you believe are most trustworthy? • Why do you find them to be trustworthy? Asking questions Open-ended Follow-up

  42. Example KATU Ch.2 TV X OregonLive Online NSP X The Review NSP X Facebook Online X KOIN Ch.6 Online TV X She did not seem to be very aware of what was going on in the news. Did know not to trust Facebook.

  43. Fill out handout Homework Corner Pick up from the front desk copy of Where do people find their news? • Listen to directions given by instructor and written on handout. • Talk to people not in this class. • Do all five interviews and tally by next class. • Do not fill out the last three questions until next class. • Remember to put your name on the paper. • PBS Frontline http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/newswar/part3/stats.html

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