The History of Hospitality and Tourism

1. The History of Hospitality and Tourism 1900 to 2003

2. 1900 - 1908 • Early 1900’s – Electric lights came into use • Early 1900’s – Davis Cup (tennis) and the World Series (baseball) were introduced • The American Automobile Association was founded in Chicago (AAA) • 1903 – The first airplane took flight at Kitty Hawk • 1908 – Henry Ford introduced the first Model T • 1908 – Passenger ship accomodations were more luxurious and only affordable for the very wealthy • 1908 – Ellsworth Statler opened the first hotel chain concept and is known as the father of the modern hotel industry- Conrad later bought the chain

3. 1914 - 1929 • 1914 – The first scheduled airplane flew with passengers • 1914 – World War I advanced aircraft design • 1914 – Car Rental began through National Car Rental • 1914 – Organized airline service developed in Europe

4. 1914 - 1929 • 1920’s – Great improvements in US road systems • 1920’s – Railroads faced competition from automobiles, intercity bus systems, and the trucking industry • 1920’s – A new breed of passenger , the tourist emerged • 1926 – Commercial Airlines started in the US • October 1929 – The Great Depression Began

5. 1930 - 1939 • The Depression bolstered the use of railroads over the bus industry • 1930-1935 – Almost 85% of all hotels in the US went bankrupt • 1931 – The concept of a zoo using open areas and concealed surroundings to display animals was introduced

6. 1930 - 1939 • 1938 – Marineland opened an outdoor aquaarium in St. Augustine, Florida • Late 1930’s – The first NCAA Basketball tournament wsheld • Late 1930’s the Cunard Lines launched the Queen Elizabeth - the largest passenger ship to date • September 3, 1939 World War II began in Europe

7. 1940 - 1949 • World War II brought the invention of the jet engine • Rockets were tested off the North Carolina Coast • The automobile and the jet plane helped the hotel industry to rebound and radically affected the travel industry • 1945 – The first airline ticket was created

8. 1940 - 1949 • 1945 – Rider ship on buses soared – intercity bus travel increased rapidly • 1947 – United Airlines and American Airlines began coast to coast service in the United States • The seeds of mass tourism began with the WWII veterans who had the time and the money to travel • Walter E. Avis opened the first airport rent-a-car • The Cold War caused restrictions to be placed on travel to specified unfriendly countries

9. 1950 – 1959 • 1950’s - The Jet Age began • 1959’s - The television was becoming an influence in American households – it brought the world into living rooms • 1950’s - Tourist-class fares were available for transatlantic flights • 1950’s – The first Transcontinental flight was made from Los Angeles to New York

10. 1950 – 1959 • 1950’s – Hilton became the first coast to coast hotel chain • 1952 – Congress created the National System of Interstate Highways • 1952 – Holiday Inn was launched in Memphis, Tennessee by Kemmons Wilson as the Holiday Inn Hotel Court

11. 1950 – 1959 • 1958 – The passenger ship industry declined because of commnercial jet service non-stop across the Atlantic • 1958 – The Jet Age was the greatest period of expansion for hotel chains and car rental agencies

12. 1960 - 1969 • 1960’s – Mass market cruises became available and shipping companies began converting their passenger liners into tropical cruise ships • 1965 – Holiday Inn installed the hotel industry’s first nationwide computerized reservation system • 1967 – The first Super Bowl was played • 1969 – The landing of the first man on the moon brought space one step closer to becoming a travel destination – because of this Pan Am took over 90,000 ticket reservations for a shuttle to the moon

13. 1970 - 1979 • 1970 – The use of credit cards was accepted in travel and entertainment arenas • 1970 – Pan American Airlines launched the first Jumbo Jet from New York to London with 352 passengers • 1973 – The Arab oil embargo increased the price of gasoline and oil and forced Americans to look for energy efficient ways to travel

14. 1970 - 1979 • 1976 – The Concord, a supersonic transport was developed • Late 1970’s – The first personal computer reached the consumer market • Late 1970’s – Travel became computerized • Late 1970’s – Alex Hailey’s book Roots was to have an influence on heritage travel

15. 1980 - 1989 • 1980’s – Personal computers were made more user friendly • 1980 – Railroads began to decline • 1980 – 1986 – The world’s cruise fleet doubled

16. 1980 - 1989 • 1983 EPCOT opened in Disney World Florida • 1983 Disney World opened in Tokyo • 1986 The World Tourism Organization’s General Assembly adopted the Tourism Bill of Rights and the Tourist Code

17. 1990 - 1999 • 1990’s – ATM use spread throughout the world • 1990’s – Airlines accepted online bookings and took payment over the internet • 1990’s – Ticket less travel was introduced • 1990’s - Tour groups continued to be popular • 1990 – The American’s with Disabilities Act was passed

18. 1990 - 1999 • 1993 – Web pages were developed and (1985) Netscape was developed as a browser • 1994 - England and France were connected by the “Chunnel” • 1994 – Microsoft established an accredited travel agency on the Internet • Late 1990’s – Virtual Reality programs made it possible to see a destination as if one were actually there

19. 2000 - 2003 • 2000 – 95% of all US travel agencies were computerized using a computer reservations system (CRS) • 2000 - Americans used personal cars for more than 80% of their vacation trips • 2000 – There were more than 800 million websites • 2001 – Dennis Tito was the first paid space tourist

20. 2000 - 2003 • September 11, 2001 Attacks by terrorists changed travel and tourism forever • 2002 – The Homeland Security Act of 2002 passed in response to the September 11 terrorist attacks • 2003 – Health related issues disrupted tourism • 2003 – The Concorde (SST) retired from service