America's Urban Evolution: 1880–1917

1. Chapter 19:“Civilization’s Inferno”: The Rise and Reform of Industrial Cities 1880–1917 i>Clicker Questions

2. 1. Why did big cities in the United States become sites of manufacturing as well as finance and trade after the Civil War? a. There were now enough immigrants in urban areas to work in factories. b. City governments had begun to welcome factories for their property taxes. c. The high skills demanded in new manufacturing could only be found in cities. d. Steam engines allowed factory operators to move away from water-driven power.

3. 2. How did the development of outlying suburbs in the middle and late nineteenth century change the social structure of cities? a. By separating well-off suburbanites from working-class urbanites b. By forcing the poor to live in far-flung suburbs and rely on commuting to get to work c. By making suburbs predominantly female and cities largely male d. By segregating African Americans into outlying suburbs

4. 3. Which technological innovation transformed urban nightlife in the United States in the late nineteenth century? a. Recorded music b. Automotive transportation c. Telephone communications d. Electric wiring

5. 4. Which of the following statements assesses the impact of New York's Tenement House Law of 1901 on the 44,000 tenements that existed at the time? a. The law succeeded because of the cooperation of private interests. b. It failed to change older structures because reform was not profitable. c. The law never passed due to opposition from tenement landlords. d. It spurred gentrification and pushed the poor out of the city.

6. 5. Who were the "muckrakers" of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century? a. Urban sanitation workers b. Journalists who promoted reform c. Vaudeville performers d. Labor union organizers

7. 6. What were the political machines that played such a vital role in late-nineteenth-century American cities? a. Machines that counted the large numbers of votes cast by urban residents b. Local party bureaucracies that controlled elected and appointed offices c. Groups of reformers who challenged corrupt urban political practices d. Private contractors who donated their services to cities in exchange for power

8. 7. What prompted urban reform movements in the 1890s? a. Widespread suffering from the depression of that decade b. Disgust with machine corruption c. Better civic education given to immigrants d. City governments bankrupted by corruption

9. 8. In the late nineteenth century, many cities cut death rates from typhoid, yellow fever, and cholera by instituting what? a. Publicly funded vaccination programs b. Municipal hand-washing campaigns c. Local pure food and drug laws d. New sewage and drainage systems

10. 9. Which statement assesses the early-twentieth-century crusade against prostitution in the United States? a. It succeeded at rooting out the vice until it emerged again during the Great Depression. b. The antiprostitution campaign was undermined by the silence of the federal government on the issue. c. While the crusade did not eliminate prostitution, it improved the living conditions of women in the trade. d. The crusade pushed prostitution out of brothels and into the street.

11. 10. Which statement assesses the consequences of the Triangle fire in New York City in 1911? a. The workplace disaster led to the creation of a federal factory commission. b. The fire showed that only stronger laws could alleviate sweatshop conditions. c. The fire prompted dramatic reforms in the organization of fire departments. d. The fire further deepened corruption at Tammany Hall.

12. Answer Key 1. The answer is d. 2. The answer is a. 3. The answer is d. 4. The answer is b. 5. The answer is b. 6. The answer is b. 7. The answer is a. 8. The answer is d. 9. The answer is d. 10. The answer is b.