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Imperialism

Imperialism. What? Why? When?. The White Man’s Burden. Civilization. Vice. Ignorance. Barbarism. Superstition. Oppression. The White Man’s Burden. Racist / E urocentric “cultural imperialism” Moral obligation amongst whites to help A warning against Imperialism. Fuzzy Wuzzy.

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Imperialism

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  1. Imperialism What? Why? When?

  2. The White Man’s Burden Civilization Vice Ignorance Barbarism Superstition Oppression

  3. The White Man’s Burden • Racist / Eurocentric • “cultural imperialism” • Moral obligation amongst whites to help • A warning against Imperialism

  4. Fuzzy Wuzzy • HenandoaBeja warriors of Sudan • British respect for their bravery as fighters

  5. Imperialism • 1880 – 1914 (why?) • The extension of control over an inferior territory by a more superior nation. • Two Imperialisms • 1.) Regressive Imperialism • 2.) Progressive Imperialism

  6. Motivations • 1.) Psychological factors – national prestige / pride • The more colonies = greater the nation • 2.) Social Darwinism – “survival of the fittest” • 3.) Religious factors – Missionary efforts to “Christianize” the “heathens” • 4.) Economic factors – industrialization / mass production = lots of stuff. • Imperialism creates new markets to sell to • New sources of raw materials • 5.) Military factors – foreign protectorates / outposts assured strategic control over an area.

  7. Beginnings of 19th century Imperialism • Britain / Dutch • North America / East Indies • Critics of Imperialism = too costly, not worth it • American Revolution proved this • 1870s – renewed interest • Stable continent, domestic issues under control, nationalism, industrialism

  8. New Critics of New Imperialism • While new colonies DID provide new sources of raw materials, this was NOT true for all • Remember…..these are poor societies • How are they going to serve as a stable new market for sellers?

  9. The Brown Man’s Burden • Sarcastic tone • Imperial hypocrisy • Violence used to control native groups • Whites who perpetuate freedom at home……. • …….deny freedom overseas • Jingoism • Anti - Imperial

  10. Scramble for Africa • New markets for depressed European powers • Create a favorable balance of trade • Capitalism drove Imperialism • Copper, cotton, rubber, palm oil, cocoa, diamonds, tea, tin, etc….. • Africa provided a strategic point for European powers in regards to the Asia – Suez Canal / Cape of Good Hope (British)

  11. Berlin Conference • Africa had largely been ignored, except the coastal area. • 1884 – 1885 • Europe decides to carve up Africa

  12. The British in Africa • Egypt - 1882 • South Africa • West - Gambia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone • East - Kenya, Uganda

  13. Afrikaners • Dutch settlers in South Africa who arrived in the 17th and 18th centuries • Boers are a smaller subset of the large Afrikaner nation

  14. Boer War (2nd) • 1899 – 1902 • British in SA fighting against Dutch in Transvaal and Orange Free State • Result was the Union of South Africa under British rule

  15. Kruger Telegram • Message sent from Kaiser Wilhelm II to Transvaal Republic president Kruger congratulating him on defeating the British during the Jameson Raid • Led to tension b/w Britain and Germany

  16. France, Germany, Italy • France – North / West Africa • Germany – little interest at first • Political pressure and national pride forced Bismarck to imperialize Africa • Italy – unsuccessful. Defeated by the Ethiopians in East Africa. Only small colonies

  17. British in India • 1600s • 7 years war • British East India Company • “Jewel in the Crown” • Raw materials / 300 million consumers • Mercantilist economic policies • “hands off” – social / religious customs • Investment in infrastructure allowed India to modernize

  18. Rebellion in India • Racism and nationalism • 1857 – sepoy rebellion • Direct rule

  19. Calls for Independence • 2nd class citizens in their own land • 1885 - Indian National Congress • 1948 – India receives independence

  20. China • Hong Kong (Treaty of Nanking) • Extraterritoriality (2nd Opium War) • “spheres of influence” • Open Door Policy – driven by the United States • Boxer Rebellion – 1900 / 01

  21. Japan • Commodore Perry - 1853 • “Opening of Japan” • Modernization • Westernization • 1894 – Sino / Japanese War • 1904 – Russo / Japanese War • Korean peninsula • Japanese victory worried westerners • Stimulated Japanese nationalism for the rest of the 20th century

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