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When Kidneys Go Bad: Kidney Dialysis

Explore our research on kidney dialysis, focusing on improving blood cleaning efficiency through various flow rates and toxin sizes. Discover findings on how different conditions impact toxin removal rates in dialysis procedures.

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When Kidneys Go Bad: Kidney Dialysis

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  1. When Kidneys Go Bad: Kidney Dialysis Research by Kristen McAlpine & Emily Norvell Mentored by Eric Mock and Tricia Lytton

  2. Things to Know • Calibration • A way to get data in a desired format from a related source • We found concentration by measuring the conductivity at known concentrations to create a formula for each salt • Concentration • How much of an object is in a specific volume • PPM • Stands for parts per million. Measures concentration • Conductivity • Relates to the electric charge created by salt ions in water

  3. Micromhos • The unit for conductivity • Equilibrium • When ions are diffusing back and forth through the membrane at the same rate • “Blood” • A solution of water and a salt compound either potassium chloride or potassium acetate • “Dialysis Fluid” • Deionized water

  4. About the Kidneys • In normal body conditions the kidneys: • Removes wastes • Removes high concentration of normal components • Regulates chemical balance • Secrete hormones

  5. Artificial Kidneys • Blood runs through membranes • Dialysis fluid runs counter flow • Diffuse out toxins • Blood recycles • New Dialysis fluid

  6. Clean Blood Clean Dialysis Fluid Dirty Dialysis Fluid Dirty Blood

  7. Objective • To experiment with different conditions • Flow rate • Different size toxins • Changing flow rates during dialysis • To find the most successful conditions that • Clean the blood the fastest • Clean the blood the most thoroughly

  8. Procedure • Red-with our smaller salt we ran the dialysis fluid slower than the blood • Dark Red- we ran the same salt faster than the blood • Purple – We increased the number that we increased the flow rate by two more every minute, up to 480, which is where the pump could not go any higher • Light Blue – We changed the “toxin” to a salt that has a larger ion attached to it • Dark Blue – With the larger toxin, we added 250 PPM to the dialysis fluid, to reach equilibrium sooner.

  9. Results • Red – The salt concentration dropped quickly at the beginning, but slowed down drastically. • Dark Red – This one dropped the fastest and ended sooner than the red. • Purple – This was more linear, making it more successful at minimizing shock and time. • Light Blue – At the same speed of the smaller salt, this one took longer for the concentration to drop. • Dark Blue – This data is not very accurate due to an obstructed tube in the beginning and a faulty conductivity probe. The line starts to taper off as it reaches equilibrium at 250 PPM.

  10. Conclusion • The smaller toxin passed through the membrane faster • Increasing the dialysis flow rate by a growing amount creates a more linear graph • A linear decrease in salt is the most effective • The faster the dialysis fluid flow rate the less concentration of toxins over time • Toxins in the dialysis fluid causes the blood to stop at that concentration

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