1 / 31

Methods

Methods. Neuropsychology Lesion data Single dissociation Double dissociation. Single Dissociation. Patient 1 has damage in Area X and is impaired at Task A but not Task B Is Area X critical for Task A? Damage to any area could cause Task A but not Task B impairment. Double Dissociation.

casey-guy
Download Presentation

Methods

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Methods • Neuropsychology • Lesion data • Single dissociation • Double dissociation

  2. Single Dissociation • Patient 1 has damage in Area X and is impaired at Task A but not Task B • Is Area X critical for Task A? • Damage to any area could cause Task A but not Task B impairment

  3. Double Dissociation • Patient 1 has damage in Area X and is impaired at Task A but not Task B • Is Area X critical for Task A? • Damage to any area could cause Task A but not Task B impairment • Patient 2 has damage in Area Y and is not impaired at Task A but is impaired at Task B • Much more likely that Area X is critical for Task A • Damage to Area Y does not cause Task A impairment

  4. Living vs. Non-living • Impaired at processing information about non-living objects; fine with living (Warrington & McCarthy, 1983) • Middle temporal damage • Impaired at processing information about living objects; fine with non-living (Warrington & Shallice, 1984) • Anterior temporal damage

  5. Semantic Organization • Organized by category • Domain-specific theory • Selective pressures have resulted in dedicated neural machinery for solving complex survival problems • Disorders should be constrained to important domains (animals, plant-life, tools) • Organized by property • Sensory/function theory • Conceptual knowledge organized by sensory features (form, motion, color, smell, taste) and functional properties (motor habits related to use, typical location) • Deficits should span categories

  6. Organization by Category

  7. Samson and Pillon (2003) • Patient RS • Left anterior inferior temporal lobe damaged by stroke • Impaired recognition of fruits and vegetables • Three tasks • Verification of picture and name • Give description of named object • Give description of pictured object • Fruits and vegetables, animals, implements, transports

  8. Samson and Pillon (2003) Percent Correct

  9. Samson and Pillon (2003) • Patient RS • Left anterior inferior temporal lobe damaged by stroke • Impaired recognition of fruits and vegetables • Three tasks • Verification of picture and name • Give description of named object • Give description of pictured object • Fruits and vegetables, animals, implements, transports • Impaired recognition of fruits and vegetables

  10. Samson and Pillon (2003) • Statement verification task • Statements about sensory attributes • Bananas are yellow • Statements about non-sensory attributes • Bananas grow on trees

  11. Samson and Pillon (2003) Sensory Attributes Percent Correct

  12. Samson and Pillon (2003) Non-Sensory Attributes ntrol Percent Correct

  13. Samson and Pillon (2003) • Statement verification task • Statements about sensory attributes • Bananas are yellow • Statements about non-sensory attributes • Bananas grow on trees • Impaired on sensory and non-sensory attributes of fruits and vegetables • Support for organization by category

  14. Organization by Property • Deficits should not be restricted to particular categories but should depend on degree to which categorization relies on particular sensory property • Borgo and Shallice (2003)

  15. Borgo and Shallice (2003) • Patient MU • Damage to temporal lobes caused by herpes encephalitis • Deficit categorizing living things • Ask a series of yes/no questions • Some about living things • Is an eagle a bird? • Some about artifacts • Is a fork very heavy?

  16. Borgo and Shallice (2003) MU Controls Percent Correct

  17. Borgo and Shallice (2003) • Patient MU • Damage to temporal lobes caused by herpes encephalitis • Deficit categorizing living things • Ask a series of yes/no questions • Some about living things • Is an eagle a bird? • Some about artifacts • Is a fork very heavy? • Impaired at living things

  18. Borgo and Shallice (2003) • Does impairment extend to non-living things? • Living things may be categorized based on non-shape properties (e.g., color, texture, behavior) • Non-living things may be categorized based on shape • Does impairment extend to non-living things that may not be categorized by shape? • Foods, drinks, materials • Is mayonnaise a sauce? • Can wood be eaten?

  19. Borgo and Shallice (2003) MU Controls Percent Correct

  20. Borgo and Shallice (2003) • Does impairment extend to non-living things? • Living things may be categorized based on non-shape properties (e.g., color, texture, behavior) • Non-living things may be categorized based on shape • Does impairment extend to non-living things that may not be categorized by shape? • Foods, drinks, materials • Is mayonnaise a sauce? • Can wood be eaten? • Yes

  21. Organization by Property • Deficits should not be restricted to particular categories but should depend on degree to which categorization relies on particular sensory property • Borgo and Shallice (2003) • Deficit for living things extends to non-living things that are recognized based on non-shape properties

  22. Semantic Organization • Organized by property? • Organized by category?

  23. Nouns vs. Verbs • Patients with difficulty processing nominal (noun) information • Results in comprehension and production deficits for nouns • Patients with difficulty processing action (verb) information • Results in comprehension and production deficits for verbs

  24. The Cookie Theft

  25. The Cookie Theft “Oh Lordy, she’s making a mess. She let the thing go, and it’s getting on the floor. They’re stealing something. He’s falling; he’s gonna hurt himself. She’s cleaning these things. She’s looking at him falling, and she’s gonna get some of the stuff he’s giving her.”

  26. The Cookie Theft “Okay, the boy is, his cookies, he is, uh, his sister is look for him cookies, but he is going to fall out of his stool because his legs are not bent that way. And his mother is, all the time her dishes are bein’… and his mother is, she has got this and her faucet is never really on that, and then he has a tree, but he is, I don’t know.”

  27. Damasio and Tranel (1993) Boswell AN KJ

  28. Damasio and Tranel (1993) • 3 patients with different lesions • Boswell and AN • KJ • Describe pictures • Faces • Animals • Fruits and vegetables • Tools • Verbs (actions)

  29. Damasio and Tranel (1993)

  30. Damasio and Tranel (1993) Percent Correct

  31. Damasio and Tranel (1993) • Nominal information stored in temporal lobe • Action information stored in premotor cortex • Tool identification can rely on either

More Related