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Council of Constance

Council of Constance. 1414-1418 Konstanz, Germany. November 6, 2012. Obama wins! He announces he has been elected President of the United States. He presides in Washington, D. C.

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Council of Constance

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  1. Council of Constance 1414-1418 Konstanz, Germany

  2. November 6, 2012 • Obama wins! He announces he has been elected President of the United States. He presides in Washington, D. C. • Newt Gingrich, however, announces he is the President of the United States. His presidential estate is in Georgia. • Ron Paul also announces he is the winner of the presidency, and he presides in Texas!

  3. This is similar to what happened in the early 1400’s. at that time,Three men claimed to be pope. • Benedict XIII • Gregory XII • John XXIII

  4. All three wanted to be the pope, and this caused a great division in the Catholic church. Benedict XIII Gregory XII John XXIII

  5. So the king of the Romans, Sigismund, and one of the popes, John XXIII, called for a council to take place at Constance, Germany, to solve the problem of who would be pope. The first meeting was scheduled for November 1, 1414, but Sigismund did not arrive until Christmas Eve.

  6. At this time, Constance had 5500 residents and was beautifully located on the lake, with fields and vineyards.

  7. Constance, Germany, is on Lake Constance and borders Switzerland.

  8. The Rhine River flows through the city.

  9. An old guard tower of the city.

  10. Old gate to the city

  11. When John XXIII arrived (about November), he was accompanied by 9 cardinals and 1600 mounted horsemen. He rode a white horse, its back covered with a red rug. Its bridles were held by a count on one side and and another dignitary on the other side.

  12. King Sigismund arrived Christmas Eve, and Christmas day the imperial party went to the cathedral to greet the pope (John XXIII). Christmas services were then held in the cathedral for 8 to 11 hours, without interruption.

  13. King Sigismund and his wife, Barbara, at the Council of Constance

  14. Constance became the most important locality in Europe. People of every rank, from the king to the beggar, came. Bakers, beadles, grooms, scribes, goldsmiths, merchantmen of every sort, as well as dukes, prelates, learned university masters and doctors.

  15. 33 cardinals 5 patriarchs 47 archbishops 145 bishops 93 titular bishops 217 doctors of theology 361 doctors of both law and theology 171 doctors of medicine a great number from 37 universities 83 kings and princes represented by envoys 38 dukes 173 counts 71 barons 1500+ knights 142 writers of bulls 1700 buglers, fiddlers, and players of other musical instruments

  16. The English and Scotch delegation, which numbered less than 12 people, for example, was accompanied by 700 or 800 mounted men, splendidly attired, and headed by fifers and other musicians, as they made their entry into the city.

  17. The streets and surroundings presented the spectacle of a merry fair. There were tournaments, dances, acrobatic shows, processions, and musical displays.

  18. But the purpose of the city was to host the religious council, and a type of order was maintained. By order of the city council, people were forbidden to be out after curfew without a light. Chains were stretched across some of the streets, and all shouting at night was forbidden. A strict tariff was imposed to stop price hikes on goods. The price of a loaf of bread was fixed at a penny. Room rentals were fixed at a certain price, as were, also, the prices for grains, meat, eggs, birds, and other articles of food.

  19. In an effort to control the votes of the 80 bishops and doctors committed to John XXIII, rules were made at the council requiring everyone to vote by nation and not as individuals. Nations met in rooms assigned to them.

  20. Bishops debate with the pope at the council

  21. When it was apparent that the council would remove all three popes (Benedict XIII, Gregory XII, John XXIII), John XXIII made a formal announcement that he resigned. The city went wild with joy. Church bells rang, people cried, and John himself, fearful of what might happen to him, fled the city!

  22. This was all a precursor to our subject of the day—John Huss and Jerome of Prague. Now the division caused by heresy could be addressed, and Huss was their number one heretic.

  23. Credits: Slide 7: Francisco Antunes at flickr Slide 8: makilica at flickr Slides 9, 10: Yortw at flickr

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