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Ch. 15 – Acids & Bases

Ch. 15 – Acids & Bases. ACIDS – Have a H + ion (Hydronium ion) Corrosive pH lower than 7 Electrolyte Sour taste Mix acid to water to dilute; never mix water to acid. Common Acids. Nitric acid – HNO 3 Hydrochloric acid – HCl Phosphoric acid – H 3 PO 4 Sulfuric acid – H 2 SO 4

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Ch. 15 – Acids & Bases

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  1. Ch. 15 – Acids & Bases • ACIDS – Have a H+ ion (Hydronium ion) • Corrosive • pH lower than 7 • Electrolyte • Sour taste • Mix acid to water to dilute; never mix water to acid.

  2. Common Acids • Nitric acid – HNO3 • Hydrochloric acid – HCl • Phosphoric acid – H3PO4 • Sulfuric acid – H2SO4 • Carbonic acid – HCO3 • Acetic acid – HC2H3O2

  3. Phosphoric acid • Flavor agent in beverages • Acetic acid • 5% of vinegar • Fermentation product in juices, wines, & beer • Hydrochloric acid • Stomach acid • Used to pickle metals

  4. Nitric acid • Making explosives • Turns skin yellow – protein indicator • Sulfuric acid • Strongest acid • Used in car batteries • Dehydrating agent (anhydrous)

  5. Bases • Base – has an OH- ion (hydroxide ion) • Corrosive • pH higher than 7 • Electrolyte • Bitter taste • Pink with phenophalthene as an indicator • H+ & OH- ions tend to neutralize each other out  Neutralization

  6. Common Bases • Lithium hydroxide – LiOH  strong • Calcium hydroxide – Ca(OH)2  weak • Sodium hydroxide – NaOH  strong • Lye & drain cleaner • Potassium hydroxide – KOH  strong • Magnesium hydroxide – Mg(OH)2  weak • Ant-acid

  7. A substance with OH- form a soluble base is called an alkaline. • An acid with a compound of H, O, & a third element is called an Oxyacid. • Ex. HNO3, H2SO4 • NH4 is the only base without OH in it.

  8. Basic anhydride is an oxide that reacts with water to form an alkaline solution. • A base without water • Takes water out of a substance when it comes in contact with it. • Very strong bases (lye) • The stronger the base the more anhydric it is.

  9. Acid anhydride is an oxide that reacts with water to form an acid. • An acid without water • Takes water out of substances when it comes in contact with them. • Very strong acids (sulfuric acid) • The stronger the acid the more anhydric it is.

  10. ACIDS & BASES COMBINE TO FORM A SALT & WATER. • NaOH + HCl  H2O + NaCl • HCl + LiOH  H2O + LiCl • Amphoteric is any solution that can react as either an acid or a base.

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