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Earth Systems 3209

Earth Systems 3209. Reference: Chapters 2, 3, 6, 7; Appendix A & B. Unit: 3 Earth’s Materials. Unit 3: Topic 1.4 . Mineral Properties (other). Focus on . . . identifying and describing other mineral properties that can be used to identify minerals (less common). Mineral Properties.

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Earth Systems 3209

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  1. Earth Systems 3209 Reference: Chapters 2, 3, 6, 7; Appendix A & B Unit: 3Earth’s Materials

  2. Unit 3: Topic 1.4 Mineral Properties (other) Focus on . . . • identifying and describing other mineral properties that can be used to identify minerals (less common)

  3. Mineral Properties • Each and every mineral has certain mineral properties. • The properties of each mineral depends on the following: • They type of elements present • The arrangement of atoms • The strength of bonding Text Reference: Pages 40-44

  4. Mineral Properties • The following are a list of physical properties that each mineral may display:

  5. 5) Fracture • A mineral that do not have any cleavage planes is said to break by “Fracture". Example is glass or the mineral quartz which is said to have Conchoidal Fracture.

  6. 5) Fracture • Another example of a mineral that fractures is Asbestos. This mineral displays a Fibrous Fracture.

  7. 6) Luster • The appearance of the mineral in reflected light. • Most minerals can be described as: • Metallic • Non-Metallic • Glassy • Greasy • Earthy or Dull • Pearly

  8. 6) Luster – Metallic • Most minerals can be described as; • Metallic

  9. 6) Luster – Non - Metallic • Most minerals can be described as; • Non-Metallic • A) Glassy

  10. 6) Luster – Non - Metallic • Most minerals can be described as; • Non-Metallic • B) Greasy

  11. 6) Luster – Non - Metallic • Most minerals can be described as; • Non-Metallic • C) Earthy or Dull

  12. 6) Luster – Non - Metallic • Most minerals can be described as; • Non-Metallic • D) Pearly

  13. 7) Crystal Shape (Form) • The crystal form of a mineral describes its visible external shape. • It can apply to an individual crystal or an assembly of crystals.

  14. Halite Calcite 8) Color • The actual color of the mineral that you see. • This property is less distinctive. (not as reliable as the others) WHY? • Two reasons: • 1) Different minerals can have the same color

  15. 8) Color • Two reasons: • 2) Some minerals may have impurities, which cause a single mineral to have different colors.

  16. Other Properties • These physical properties can be helpful to identify minerals that are similar: • Taste - what the actual mineral taste like. Ex. Halite (rock salt) taste salty. • Feel - what the mineral feels like.Ex. Graphite - greasy

  17. Other Properties • These physical properties can be helpful to identify minerals that are similar: • Magnetism - if a mineral is magnetic or not. Ex. Magnetite (Loadstone). • Acid Test - drop acid on the sample to see if the mineral reacts (fizzes). Used to test the Carbonate group.Ex. Calcite (Limestone)

  18. Other Properties Fluorescence – is the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light. Fluorescent minerals emit visible light when exposed to ultraviolet light.Example:

  19. Example 1: Which mineral property is evident in the diagram below?(A) cleavage (B) fracture hardness (D) luster Which mineral property refers to the quality of light reflected from the surface? (A) colour (B) crystal form (C) luster (D) streak

  20. Example 2: Minerals are commonly identified using physical criteria. For which of the following does the description match the test? (A) Fracture – the tendency of the mineral to break in an irregular manner. (B) Cleavage –.the appearance of the mineral in reflected light. (C) Lustre – the colour of the powdered form of the mineral. (D) Streak – the resistance of the mineral to scratching. Which of the following minerals can be identified by the physical property of taste? (A) apatite (B) basalt (C) halite (D) graphite

  21. Your Turn . . . Take the time and complete the following questions . . .(Solutions to follow) Question: Explain why color is not reliable when identifying minerals.

  22. Solutions . . . Question: Explain why color is not reliable when identifying minerals. Color is NOT a reliable property to identify a mineral fortwo reasons: Different minerals can have the same color.Example: Halite and Calcite. A given mineral can have more than one color.Example: quartz has several colors.

  23. Summary . . . Overview of Points covered: • The properties of each mineral depends on the following:1) The type of elements present2) The arrangement of atoms3) The strength of bonding • Less reliable mineral properties include:1) Fracture 5) Taste • Luster 6) Feel • Crystal Shape 7) Magnetism • Color 8) Acid Test • 9) Fluorescence

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