SHIPS (VESSELS) Kpt. Yusuf ZORBA 2002

1. SHIPS (VESSELS) Kpt. Yusuf ZORBA 2002

2. Warships Merchant Vessel Yachts SHIPS Cargo Auxilary Fishing Passanger Tugs OBO Ice breakers Ro-Ro Bulk Carrier Rescue ship Light ship Conrtainer Reefer Dredgers General Cargo Floating cranes Liquid Cargo Diver’s boat Petroleum LPG Vine LNG Acid Water Product

3. WARSHIPS • Warships; We know that they are using in the army. It’s not important for us. But, we know that; Warships exists for Merchant Vessels…

4. YACHTS • Yachts usually use for sports or touristic trip. Some modern types can be usefull for passanger transportations.

5. Merchant Vessels • Our subject is merchant vessel. • We devided into for groups; • Passanger Ships • Cargo vessels • Auxilary vessels • Fishing vessels

6. Passanger Ships • Passanger ships use only passanger transports between the well-known ports of The World. • We say that a passanger ships which are making a sailing in the ocean “Transatlantic” • Some Transatlantic ports; • Newyork, Southhampton, Cherbourg, Hamburg, Venice, etc… • Their cruise speed changes 15-40 nautical miles per hour. (Knots) • It’s possible to choose from faraway because of their deck lights.

7. Passanger Ships

8. Fishing Vessels • Fishing vessels seperate according to their fishing types. Two types fishing are made; • Pelagic Fishing (açık deniz yüzey balıkçılığı) • Demersal Fishing (dip balıkçılığı) • We don’t interest their specifications exactly. But we have to attention a fishing vessels when make a sail.

9. Auxilary Vessels (Tug Boat) • It’s possible to count many kind of auxilary vessels. But we interest especially “tug boats”. • The tugboat has a number of functions ranging from towing vessels into berths, to firefighting, salvage and anchor handling/positioning. • Tugs range in size (and power) depending on the tasks that they required to perform. A small harbor tug may only have 3 - 400 BHP (Brake Horse Power), whereas a large ocean-going salvage tug may have up to 10,000 BHP engines, capable of towing large cargo vessels off sandbanks and rocks.

10. Auxilary Vessels (Tug Boat)

11. Cargo Vessels – Bulk Carriers • Bulk carriers ("bulkers"), are the great workhorses of the shipping world, carrying raw dry cargoes in huge cavernous holds, such as coal, iron ore, grain, sulphur, scrap metal. • The vessel is that rare beast called a "geared" bulk carrier, so called because it carries it's own cargo cranes - very useful when visiting ports lacking portside cargo handling equipment. • The vessel on the next slayt is a more regular design of "gearless" bulk carrier. • Bulkers range from about 25,000 Deadweight tons ("handy size") through the medium size ("Panamax") vessels of about 75,000 DWT, to the giant ("capsize") vessels of over 200,000 DWT

12. Cargo Vessels – Bulk Carriers

13. Cargo Vessels – Dry Cargo Vessels • Until vessels started to be built to carry specific cargoes, all vessels were simply general or dry cargo vessels, i.e. built to carry any and all cargoes either in drums and bales or on pallets. • Such cargoes were put in general holds with no specialization. The role of the general/dry cargo vessel began to wane with the arrival of bulk carriers and tankers, but the decline of these general vessels has accelerated since the arrival of containerization (in the 1960's). • Not only are container ships able to carry greater volumes of cargo in standard shaped cargo containers, the time spent loading and discharging has been dramatically reduced. • Whereas a dry cargo vessel may take 3 - 4 days to load or discharge, a container ship can achieve the same in a matter of hours. Although general/ dry cargo vessels remain as the largest (in pure numbers) of cargo carrying vessels, they are often smaller (rarely above 50,000 Gross tons) than the specialized vessels that are slowly replacing them

14. Cargo Vessels – Dry Cargo Vessels

15. Cargo Vessels – Container Vessels • The Containership or "Box ship" is the great success story of the last 25 years. General cargo was historically carried in dry cargo vessels, without any particular specialization. • Cargo loading and unloading was always a slow, laborious task, due to the varying shapes, sizes, weights and fragility of the numerous cargoes being carried on any one vessel. • The idea of standardizing the carrying box, or container at 20 feet long was a breakthrough that allowed for vessels to be designed to carry these standard sized boxes, and for dockside equipment also to be designed to lift , stack and store these specific shapes.

16. Cargo Vessels – Container Vessels • Thus was born the container ship. Initially, these were small vessels of up to 10,000 DWT, carrying no more than a few hundred TEU (Twenty foot Equivalent Units), but have grown in size as the success and economies of these vessels have become more obvious. Today's container ships are being built to take 8,000 T.E.U., with plans to build 10 - 12,000 TEU ships.

17. Cargo Vessels – Container Vessels • These vessels are built for speed, and can reach upwards of 28 knots, moving cargoes around the globe. • Through transport or inter-modal transport, means that these containers can be offloaded from a ship, and rapidly loaded onto trains or onto container lorries for onward transport to the place of delivery.

18. Cargo Vessels – Container Vessels

19. Cargo Vessels – Car Carriers • The car carrier could never be described as a beauty of the seas, yet in it's rectangular design, is purpose built to carry large numbers of cars.Manufacturers of cars, mainly in Japan and Europe, use these vessels to ship large quantities of their products around the world. Every Japanese, Korean, or European car you see on our roads, may have been brought across on one of these car carrier vessels

20. Cargo Vessels – Car Carriers

21. Cargo Vessels – Reefer Ships • Refrigerated Cargo Carrying Vessels ("Reefers") are purpose built to carry fruit, meat and other food products across the sea in a fresh and clean manner.Perhaps the most famous of these types of vessels are the banana carriers, trading between the Caribbean and Europe. They are sleek and fast, as their trade demands, with cooling (refrigeration) equipment to keep their cargoes fresh

22. Cargo Vessels – Reefer Ships

23. Cargo Vessels – Ro-Ro Ships • The Ro-Ro, or more fully the Roll on - roll off vessel, comes in a number of shapes and sizes, but generally in two types; the passenger ro-ro and the Cargo ro-ro. • Passenger ro-ros have become common sights wherever people want to travel over water with their vehicles. It is probably the only type of cargo vessel that most people have traveled on. Usually a rear door (but sometimes a bow door) allows for vehicles to be driven on and off, stored on the car deck below the passenger accommodation areas.

24. Cargo Vessels – Ro-Ro Ships • The cargo ro-ro is less "plush" than the passenger type, as these vessels are designed for the carriage of commercial vehicles where luxurious passenger accommodation is not a primary consideration. • This type vessel usually called “Ro-Ro”. It’s mean that Roll on, Roll off. • But novadays this types vessel called "ro-ro-ro" ships because of their sinking easily in a heavy weather/sea. So, means that ; • Roll on, roll off....roll over

25. Cargo Vessels – Ro-Ro Ships

26. Cargo Vessels – Tankers • Tankers are designed to carry liquid cargoes (not just oil) although the carriage of crude oil has brought the tanker unwelcome attention and largely unjustified criticism. • Oil tankers come in two basic categories, the crude carrier, which carries crude oil, and the clean products tanker, which carries the refined products, such as petrol, gasoline, aviation fuel, kerosene and paraffin. Tankers range in all sizes, from the small bunkering tanker (used for refueling larger vessels) of 1000 DWT tons to the real giants: the VLCC (Very Large Crude Carrier) of between 2-300,000 DWT and the ULCC (Ultra Large Crude Carrier) of over 300,000 DWT

27. Cargo Vessels – Tankers • HANDY SIZE TANKER = 20,000 - 30,000 DWTHANDYMAX TANKER = approx 35,000 DWTAFRAMAX TANKER = between 75,000 - 125,000 DWTSUEZMAX TANKER = between 125,000 - 180,000 DWTV.L.C.C. TANKER = between 200,000 - 300,000 DWTU.L.C.C. TANKER = over 300,000 DWT • It should be remembered that over 60% of the world's oil is transported by these tankers, and over 99% of that arrives safely without causing pollution. Indeed most oil pollution seen on beaches comes from the engine rooms of vessels (of all types) and not from the cargo tanks of tankers.

28. Cargo Vessels – Tankers

29. Cargo Vessels – LPG & LNG • The LNG carrier (Liquefied Natural Gas) and it's cousin the LPG carrier (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) are products of the late twentieth century. LNG and LPG are the preferred fuel types of certain countries for their industrial power needs. Japan is one such country, and so LNG needs to be transported to Japan, but is not the easiest of cargoes to be transported. In its natural state, LNG is a gas, so to transport it, it needs to be either pressurized into a liquefied form, or kept as a liquid by reducing the temperature (simple application of Boyle's Law in physics !).The shape of the LNG Carrier is quite unmistakable, with the shape of the Moss tanks (which are like enormous spherical thermos flasks !) visible along the deck, which has led to the nickname of "Dinosaur Eggs Carriers".

30. Cargo Vessels – LPG & LNG • Obviously, the carriage of an explosive gas - kept at below freezing temperatures as an unstable liquid presents a very dangerous cargo, yet it is for this very fact, that LNG Carriers have about the best safety record of all maritime vessels. Only the best officers and crews are employed on these vessels.

31. Cargo Vessels – LPG & LNG

32. Ship Typesand Characteristics • Now, Fill in the blanks in your papers and Thank you for listening…

33. Tug Boat Car Carrier Passanger Ship 3- ……………...…………………. 2- ………...…………………. 1- ……………...…………………. Container Vessel Oil Tanker 4- ……………...…………………. 5- ……………...…………………. General Cargo Vessel Passanger Ship Ro-Ro 8- ……………...…………………. 6- ……………...…………………. 7- ……………...………………….