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The Periodic Table and the Elements

The Periodic Table and the Elements. Adapted from a Powerpoint by Dr. Fred Omega Garces. The Periodic Table and the Elements. What is the periodic table ? What information is obtained from the table ? How can elemental properties be predicted based on the Periodic Table?.

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The Periodic Table and the Elements

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  1. The Periodic Table and the Elements • Adapted from a Powerpoint by Dr. Fred Omega Garces

  2. The Periodic Table and the Elements • What is the periodic table ? • What information is obtained from the table ? • How can elemental properties be predicted based on the Periodic Table?

  3. Dmitri Mendeleev (1869) In 1869 Mendeleev (Russia) and Lothar Meyer (Germany) published nearly identical classification schemes for elements known at the time. The periodic table is based on the similarity of properties and reactivities exhibited by various elements. Later, Henri Moseley ( England,1887-1915) established that each element has a unique atomic number, which is how the current periodic table is organized. http://www.chem.msu.su/eng/misc/mendeleev/welcome.html

  4. The Periodic Table • A map of the building block of matter. http://www.chemsoc.org/viselements/pages/periodic_table.html

  5. Periodic Table Expanded View • The Periodic Table can be arranged by energy sub levels The s-block is Group IA and & IIA, the p-block is Group IIIA - VIIIA. The d-block is the transition metals, and the f-block are the Lanthanides and Actinide metals • The way the periodic table usually shown is a compressed view. The Lanthanides and actinides (F block)are cut out and placed at the bottom of the table.

  6. Periodic Table: Metallic arrangement • Layout of the Periodic Table: Metals vs. nonmetals Nonmetals Metals

  7. Periodic Table: The three broad ClassesMain, Transition, Rare Earth • Main (Representative), Transition metals, lanthanides and actinides (rare earth)

  8. Reading the Periodic Table: Classification • Nonmetals, Metals, Metalloids, Noble gases

  9. Across the Periodic Table • Periods: Are arranged horizontally across the periodic table (Rows 1-7) • These elements have the same number of valence shells. 2nd Period 6th Period

  10. Alkali Family: 1 e- in the valence shell Halogen Family: 7 e- in the valence shell Down the Periodic Table • Families are arranged vertically down the periodic table (columns or group, 1- 18 or 1-8 A,B) • These elements have the same number of electrons in the outer most energy level , known as the valence shell.

  11. Halogen Alkali Noble Gas Alkaline (earth) Chalcogens Transition Metals Notable Families of the Periodic Table • Notable families of the Periodic Table and some important members:

  12. He H C N O F Li P Si S Cl Na Al Mg K Ca Zn Cu Fe Br Ag I Important Elements of Various Groups • Individual members of selected groups & their characteristics

  13. Periodic Tablee- configurations are inherent in the periodic table • B • 2p1 H 1s1 He 1s2 F 2p5 Be 2s2 B 2p1 C 2p2 N 2p3 Ne 2p6 O 2p4 Li 2s1 Na 3s1 Mg 3s2 Cl 3p5 Si 3p2 S 3p4 Ar 3p6 Al 3p1 P 3p3 K 4s1 Ca 4s2 Zn 3d10 As 4p3 Be 4p5 V 3d3 Mn 3d5 Fe 3d6 Co 3d7 Sc 3d1 Ti 3d2 Ga 4p1 Ge 4p2 Se 4p4 Cr 4s13d5 Kr 4p6 Ni 3d8 Cu 4s13d10 Sr 5s2 Rb 5s1 Nb 4d3 Ru 4d6 Rh 4d7 Mo 5s14d5 Cd 4d10 Sn 5p2 I 5p5 Xe 5p6 Zr 4d2 Tc 4d5 Y 4d1 In 5p1 Sb 5p3 Te 5p4 Ni 4d8 Ag 5s14d10 Hf 5d2 Cs 6s1 Ta 5d3 Re 5d5 Os 5d6 Ir 5d7 W 6s15d5 La 5d1 Rn 6p6 At 6p5 Ni 5d8 Ba 6s2 Hg 5d10 Tl 6p1 Pb 6p2 Bi 6p3 Po 6p4 Au 6s15d10 Mt 6d7 Bh 6d5 Hs 6d6 Fr 7s1 Rf 6d2 Ra 7s2 Db 6d3 Sg 7s16d5 Ac 6d1

  14. Periodic Table: Electron behavior • The periodic table can be classified by the behavior of their electrons

  15. 2. Trend in Atomic Radius • Atomic Radius: • The size of an atom is determined by the boundaries of the valence e-. Largest atomic species are those found in the lower left corner since these atoms have the largest n, but the smallest Zeff.

  16. 3. Trends in Ionization Energy Ionization energy: The energy required to remove the valence electron from an atom is known as the ionization energy. Largest toward upper right corner of periodic table since these atoms hold on to their valence e- the tightest.

  17. 4. Trend in Electron Affinity Electron Affinity: The energy released when an electron is added to an atom. The electron affinity is highest among the elements of the upper right corner of the periodic table (excluding the noble gases) since these atoms have a great affinity for electrons.

  18. Summary of Trends • Periodic Table and Periodic Trends • 1. Electron Configuration 3. Ionization Energy: Largest toward upper right 4. Electron Affinity: Most favorable upper right 2. Atomic Radius: Largest toward lower left

  19. Summary • Periodic Table: Map of the Building blocks of matter • Types: Metal, metalloid and Nonmetal • Blocks: S,P, D, and F • Representative or main = S and P Blocks • Transition = D Block • Lanthanide/Actanides = F Block • Families Elements in the same column have similar • or Groups: chemical properties because of similar • numbers and types of valence electrons • Alkali metals, Alkaline Earth Metals, Chalcogens, • Halogens, Noble gases • Periods :Elements in the same row have valence electrons in • the same energy level.

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