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Earth’s Interior

Learn about geologists and the characteristics of Earth's interior, including the three main layers - the crust, mantle, and core. Explore seismic waves and indirect evidence used by geologists to study the Earth's interior.

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Earth’s Interior

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  1. Earth’s Interior EQ: What are geologists? What are the characteristics of Earth’s interior?

  2. Vocabulary • Geologists – scientists who study the forces that make and shape the planet Earth. • Study the chemical and physical characteristics of rock. • Map where different types of rocks are found on and beneath the surface • Describe landforms • Geology – study of planet Earth EQ: What are geologists? What are the characteristics of Earth’s interior?

  3. Surface Changes • Constructive Forces – shape the Earth’s surface by building up mountains and landmasses • Destructive forces – slowly wear away mountains and every other feature on the surface • Continents – 7 great landmasses surrounded by water EQ: What are geologists? What are the characteristics of Earth’s interior?

  4. Indirect Evidence EQ: What are geologists? What are the characteristics of Earth’s interior? • Geologist use indirect evidence to study Earth’s interior • Seismic Waves • Waves produced by earthquakes • Record the waves and study how they travel • Speed of waves and the paths they take reveal that our planet is made up of several layers

  5. Center of the Earth • Temperature • Outer layers cool • At 20 meters rocks get warmer • Every 40 meters after that the temperature rises 1 degree Celsius EQ: What are geologists? What are the characteristics of Earth’s interior?

  6. Center of the Earth • Pressure • The force pushing on a surface or area • Because of the weight of the rock above, the pressure inside Earth increases as you go deeper EQ: What are geologists? What are the characteristics of Earth’s interior?

  7. Earth’s Layers • Three main layers make up the Earth’s interior • The crust • The mantle • The core EQ: What are geologists? What are the characteristics of Earth’s interior?

  8. The Crust • Layer of rock that forms the Earth’s outer skin • Mountains, water, soil and rocks found on crust • Thin layer, like an onion skin for the Earth • Includes both dry land and the ocean floor • Thinnest on the ocean floor, thickest under mountains EQ: What are geologists? What are the characteristics of Earth’s interior?

  9. EQ: What are geologists? What are the characteristics of Earth’s interior? The Crust • Oceanic Crust • Beneath the ocean • Consists mostly of dense rocks like basalt • Dark, fine rock with fine texture • Continental Crust • Forms the continents • Consists of less dense rocks like granite • Large crystals, not as dense as basalt, light color

  10. The Crust

  11. The Mantle • A layer of hot rock • Mantle is 3000 kilometers thick and extends to the core • Between 5 and 40 kilometers beneath the surface, there is a boundary of basalt and granite • Below the boundary is the solid material of the mantle EQ: What are geologists? What are the characteristics of Earth’s interior?

  12. The Mantle Made of two layers Lithosphere uppermost part of the mantle and the crust combined About 100 kilometers thick Material in this part of the mantle is somewhat soft – it can bend like plastic Asthenosphere Soft material with the ability to flow Lithosphere floats on top of the asthenoshpere EQ: What are geologists? What are the characteristics of Earth’s interior?

  13. The Core • Consists of two parts • Outer core - liquid • Inner core – solid • Made of iron and nickel EQ: What are geologists? What are the characteristics of Earth’s interior?

  14. The Core • Outer core • Layer of molten metal that surrounds the inner core • Behaves like a thick liquid • Inner Core • Dense ball of solid metal • Extreme pressure squeezes the atoms of iron and nickel so much they cannot spread out and become liquid EQ: What are geologists? What are the characteristics of Earth’s interior?

  15. Earth’s Magnetic Field • Currents in the liquid outer core force the solid inner core to spin • Inner core spins slightly faster than the rest of the planet creating our magnetic field. This causes our planet to act like a giant bar magnet EQ: What are geologists? What are the characteristics of Earth’s interior?

  16. Class Work and Homework Fill In What did I learn Confused Say Packet or begin foldable depending on time EQ: What are geologists? What are the characteristics of Earth’s interior?

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