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Protein Synthesis

This chapter explores the process of protein synthesis, which is crucial for determining the structure and function of cells. It covers the genetic code, translation, tRNA and anticodons, ribosome functions, and protein assembly.

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Protein Synthesis

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  1. Protein Synthesis Chapter 10.3

  2. Protein synthesis- the production of proteins • The amount and kind of proteins produced in a cell determine the structure and function of the cell

  3. The Genetic Code • Genetic code- the correlation between the nucleotide sequence and an amino-acid sequence • During protein synthesis, the sequence of nucleotides is translated into a sequence of amino acids

  4. Codon- each combination of 3 mRNA nucleotides • Start codon (AUG)- engages a ribosome to start translating an mRNA molecule • Stop codons (UAA, UAG, UGA)- cause the ribosome to stop translating

  5. Translation • Translation- the process of assembling polypeptides from information encoded in mRNA • Begins when mRNA leaves the nucleus through pores in the nuclear membrane • mRNA migrates to a ribosome in the cytosol

  6. tRNA and Anticodons • Anticodon- a region of tRNA consisting of three bases complementary to the codon of mRNA • Amino acids floating freely in the cytosol are transported to the ribosomes by tRNA molecules

  7. Ribosomes have three binding sites that are important to translation • One site holds a mRNA transcript so its codons are accessible to rRNA molecules • The other two sites hold tRNA whose anticodons pair with the mRNA codons

  8. Protein Assembly • Assembly begins when a ribosome attaches to the start codon (AUG) on an mRNA transcript • As a ribosome moves along an mRNA transcript, each mRNA codon is paired with its tRNA anticodon

  9. Practice sequences!! Study for the Ch 10 test!! Know the Ch 10 vocabulary!!

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