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Protein Synthesis

Delve into the intricate process of protein synthesis, exploring the essential components from DNA to ribosomes, guiding the creation of functional proteins crucial for cell functions. Discover the steps from transcription to translation that culminate in polypeptide formation. Visit the provided link for an informative protein synthesis animation.

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Protein Synthesis

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  1. Protein Synthesis Making Proteins

  2. Why Do We Need Proteins? • Cell Structure • Cell = 80% protein Cell membrane

  3. Why Do We Need Proteins? • Cell Processes • Hormones (signals) • Enzymes (speed up reactions)

  4. Why Do We Need Proteins? • Membrane Channels (remember transport?) • Neurotransmitters (carry nerve / brain messages)

  5. What Do We Need For Protein Synthesis? 1.DNA • Template for making mRNA during Transcription

  6. What Do We Need For Protein Synthesis? 2. RNA a. mRNA = messenger RNA • makes & takes copy of DNA to cytoplasm b. tRNA = transfer RNA • Matches w/ mRNA on ribosome • Carries AA to add to protein chain ?s 1-7

  7. What Do We Need For Protein Synthesis? c. rRNA = ribosomal RNA • Part of ribosome • Reads mRNA • Directs tRNA

  8. What Do We Need For Protein Synthesis? 3. Ribosome • Reads mRNA • Directs tRNA • Creates peptide bonds between AAs (makes polypeptide chain)

  9. What Do We Need For Protein Synthesis? 4. Amino Acids (AAs) • Building blocks of proteins (20 AAs exist) • Protein = AA chain = polypeptide chain • ORDER MATTERS! AA order determines f(x) of protein ?s 8-12

  10. Steps of Protein Synthesis • Transcription (writing the “message”) • DNA ►mRNA messenger carries code to cytoplasm • Translation (reading the “message”) • mRNA ►tRNA ►protein (AA chain) message translated into a protein

  11. Steps of Protein Synthesis

  12. Steps of Protein Synthesis (Nucleus) ↓ (Cytoplasm)

  13. Transcription DNA ►mRNA • Location = nucleus • Steps a. Enzyme binds to DNA, unzips it b. mRNA copy of gene made from DNA template *U replaces T in RNA

  14. Transcription • 3 DNA nucleotides (triplet) ►mRNA codon Codons

  15. Translation • mRNA ►tRNA ►protein (AA chain) Location = cytoplasm (first codon in mRNA is the start codonAUG) ?s 13-17

  16. Translation Steps of Translation 1. mRNA moves to cytoplasm, binds to ribosome 2. tRNA anticodon UAC brings AA (methionine) to mRNA codon on ribosome

  17. Translation 3. Ribosome moves down mRNA to next codon 4. tRNA anticodon brings & attaches next AA with peptide bond

  18. Translation 5. tRNA leaves ribosome once AA attached Protein chain AA tRNA mRNA

  19. Translation 6. Steps 1-5 repeated, adding AAs until STOP CODON * signals end of protein 7. Polypeptide chain released from ribosome * UAG, UAA, or UGA

  20. Synthesis Practice

  21. Synthesis Practice

  22. Synthesis Practice

  23. Synthesis Practice

  24. Synthesis Practice

  25. Synthesis Practice

  26. Synthesis Practice

  27. Synthesis Practice

  28. Synthesis Practice

  29. Synthesis Practice

  30. Synthesis Practice

  31. AMINO ACID FUN!! • DNA Triplet: ACC • mRNA codon: UGG • tRNA anti-codon: ACC • Amino acid: Tryptophan • Why you should know this? Tryptophan is in TURKEY – makes you sleepy

  32. Protein Synthesis Animation http://www.columbia.edu/cu/biology/courses/c2005/images/animtransln.gif ?s 18-25

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