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Australian Identity

Australian Identity . 1950s - 1990s. Australia 1950s. British heritage Robert Menzies “ British to the bootheels” WW II loss of 33000 lives Hatred of Japanese due to ill- treatment POWs Borneo 2000 Aust POWS 6 survivied Conservative Fear of communism – Korean War – 280 Aust deaths

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Australian Identity

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  1. Australian Identity 1950s - 1990s

  2. Australia 1950s • British heritage • Robert Menzies “ British to the bootheels” • WW II loss of 33000 lives • Hatred of Japanese due to ill- treatment POWs Borneo 2000 Aust POWS 6 survivied • Conservative • Fear of communism – Korean War – 280 Aust deaths • Cold War • Population 7.5 million • White Australia Policy • TV 1956 – US culture • Male dominated • Emergence 50s youth culture • Royal tour 1954 – million line streets to see • 1956 Melbourne Olympic Games • Immigrants Europe – Italy and Greece • Output of factories exceeded that of primary industry for first time 1954 • Nuclear testing Maralinga – no compensation indigenous people • Prosperity golden years • Foreign Policy support allies ANZUS SEATO • Full employment

  3. Australia 1960s • Years of political and social change – sparked conflict throughout world • Independence former British colonies • 1962 world on brink nuclear war – soviet missiles found in Cuba • Domino theory – Vietnam conflict • National service 1964 • 50000 serve 500 deaths • Technological change- Space race • Contraceptive pill 1961 • Nimbin rock festival – hippie culture • Aboriginal civil rights – freedom rides 1965, Charles Perkins • Wave Hill strike 1966 – pay working conditions • 1967 referendum – Yes 91% counted in census • 1965 – integration policy • Anti war protests • YCAC youth against conscription • My Lai massacre US marines kill 120 civilians mainly women and children and raping mutilating several victims – Australians horrified • 1969 Women’s Lib groups founded • Equal Pay campaign 1962 Women

  4. Australia 1970s • 1970 and 1971 moratorium marches • Tent embassy – embarrass McMahon government that would not recognise land rights • 1972 Women’s Electoral Lobby • Germaine Greer Female Eunuch society had made women passive slaves. • Labor 1972 and 1974 – many changes Medibank, multiculturalism, land rights • Dismissal 1975 • 1972 Indigenous self – determination • 1975 Racial Discrimination Act Neville Bonner 1st aboriginal member parliament • 1974 Woodward commission • 1976 Vietnamese refugees arrive Australia • Indonesia invades East Timor 1975 – no Australian protest • Palm Sundays Anti Uranium marches • Fraser cuts government spending, refused to support Participation 1980 Moscow Olympics • 1982 youth 20% unemployed • Rebirth Arts , Music Midnight oil (etc) Aussie themes, Brett Whiteley, Blue poles Jason Pollock $1.3 million 1974 • Multicultural society

  5. Australia 1980s • 1983 Bob Hawke Labor party “ Bringing Australia Together” • 1985 Uluru returned to Traditional owners • Prices and Income Accord - wages restraint • Haunted by Dismissal – very middle of road • Weak liberal opposition • 1989 ATSIC Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission • Franklin River 1983 – biggest conservation demonstration, world heritage listing • Rise of Greens - 185 vote in Tasmania • 1989 Aboriginal deaths in Custody 100 died since 1980 • 1988 Bicentenary, Aborigines day of Mourning • Equal Employment Opportunity Women Act 1986 • Economic rationalism – government restrict its role in government • Deregulation – take away restrictions finance and work • 1989 Howard “pace of Asian immigration has been a little to great” • Corporate High fliers “ Greed is Good” • Crash of 1987 • America’s Cup win 1983 • Azaria Chamberlain

  6. Australia 1990s • Paul Keating PM 1991 – 1996 • Kirrabilli promise • Redfern speech injustices to aborigines • 1992 inflation to 4% • Council for Reconciliation Act • Mabo decision 1992 • 1995 sparked republican debate • 1994 Native Title Act • Gulf war - 400 personnel • 1995 35% pop pro monarchist • Urbanised • Diverse • 1991 unemployment 10% • Income inequality increasing • 1990 exports Japan 14384 mil, 1782 mil Britain • Women equality education and employment • Indigenous still a way to go. • One fifth born overseas

  7. Essay Questions • Identity • What happened in Australia • What impacted on Australia from overseas • Changing face of Australia socially, culturally, politically and economically • Attitudes at start of period, attitudes at end of period

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