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Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia

Explore the roles of the cerebellum and basal ganglia in controlling movements, common disorders, and their interactions with the motor cortex. Learn about contralateral and ipsilateral signs produced by lesions, and the unique functions of each brain structure during sleep. Discover how the cerebellum refines movements while the basal ganglia acts as an autopilot.

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Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia

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  1. Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia David Roman Renner, MD Suzanne Stensaas, PhD 2009 Kenya Curriculum

  2. BG CBLM Courtesy of Stephen C. Voron, MD

  3. BG CBLM Courtesy of Stephen C. Voron, MD

  4. pyramidal cell in the motor homunculus of the frontal lobe BG CBLM Courtesy of Stephen C. Voron, MD

  5. corticospinal tract BG CBLM Courtesy of Stephen C. Voron, MD

  6. BG CBLM decusation at the pyramids (spino-medullary junction Courtesy of Stephen C. Voron, MD

  7. thalamus: AKA the “gate keeper” prevents unwanted movements BG T CBLM Courtesy of Stephen C. Voron, MD

  8. BASAL GANGLIA consultant on automatic movements provides input into the thalamus BG T CBLM Courtesy of Stephen C. Voron, MD

  9. Cerebellum: consultant on rapid movements provides input into the thalamus BG CBLM Courtesy of Stephen C. Voron, MD

  10. Basal Ganglia resting tremor postural instability festination rigidity masked facies bradykinesia dyskinesia torticollis chorea athetosis hemiballismus akathisia Cerebellum intention tremor dysmetria dysdiadochokinesia hypotonia heal to shin finger to nose rebound ataxic gait titubation nystagmus dysmetric saccades

  11. Basal ganglia lesions produce contralateral signs.Cerebellar lesions produce ipsilateral signs.

  12. Most movement disorders produced by cerebellar and basal ganglia pathology disappear during sleep.Cerebellar and basal ganglia signs are usually not present if the corticospinal tract is damaged.

  13. The cerebellum is the great comparator:1. It compares cortical willful command with muscle tension, joint position, & tone (via ipsilateral spinocerebellar tracts)2. Advises the cortex on how much, how many, how fast3. The motor cortex sends the revised command down the corticospinal tract

  14. The BASAL GANGLIA are the autopilot for procedural movements.The CEREBELLUM is the refiner of finely controlled movements(particularly of fingers).

  15. COMPARISON OF MOTOR SYSTEMShttp://library.med.utah.edu/neurologicexam/html/home_exam.html

  16. Courtesy of Stephen C. Voron, MD

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