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Recap the Medieval Period

Recap the Medieval Period. 500-1450 A.D. Two empires – Holy Roman Empire and Byzantine Empire Self-sufficient kingdoms, monarchies, feudalism Barbarian invasions leads to less travel and the slow spread of ideas and music

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Recap the Medieval Period

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  1. Recap the Medieval Period • 500-1450 A.D. • Two empires – Holy Roman Empire and Byzantine Empire • Self-sufficient kingdoms, monarchies, feudalism • Barbarian invasions leads to less travel and the slow spread of ideas and music • The growth of the Catholic church in wealth and power – use wealth to construct great cathedrals to spread influence and Christianity • Church emphasis – getting into Heaven • Patrons of music – churches and a few kingdoms

  2. Recap the Medieval Period • Sacred music was composed in churches – written in large illuminated manuscript books that took months to create • Knowledge was kept safe by the Catholic church by painstakingly copying books and keeping them within the church • Education was reserved for clergymen and nobility • Bubonic Plague – wipes out millions of people, creates a work shortage across Europe

  3. The Renaissance 1450-1600 • Renaissance = “rebirth” • Time period is characterized as the rebirth of human creativity and a revival of Greek and Roman literature and art • Age of Exploration and Adventure • Christopher Columbus – 1492 • Vasco Da Gama – 1498 • Magellan – 1519-1522 • Age of Curiosity and Individualism • Leonardo Da Vinci: 1452-1519 • Michaelangelo: 1475-1564 • Galileo: 1564-1642

  4. The Renaissance 1450-1600 • Shakespeare: 1564-1616 • Machiavelli: 1469-1527 • Thomas More: 1478-1535 • Humanism – the idea of human nature; placed a high value on the individual; emphasis on reason, ethics, and justice; decision making moves away from religious beliefs • Catholic Church vs. Protestant Reformation • Martin Luther: 1483-1546 • Fall of the Byzantine Empire – Constantinople was captured in 1453 • Scholars escaped to Italy with writings of Greek authors – Plato and Aristotle

  5. The Renaissance 1450-1600 • Technology: • Guttenberg’s invention of the printing press around 1440 • Petrucci developed the printing of music around 1500

  6. The Renaissance 1450-1600 Illuminated Manuscript (Medieval) Early printed music (Renaissance)

  7. The Renaissance 1450-1600 Ordinary of the Mass Songs Proper of the Mass Songs • Kyrie eleison (Greek) • Gloria • Credo • Sanctus and Benedictus • Agnus Dei • Introit • Gradual • Alleluia or Tract • Sequence • Offertory • Communion • Masses are performed in Latin with the exception of the Kyrie, which was performed in Greek

  8. The Renaissance 1450-1600 Requiem Mass Definitions • Introit • Kyrie • Gradual • Tract • Sequence • Offertory • Sanctus • Agnus Dei • Communion • Pie Jesu • Libera Me • In Paradisium • Mass of the Ordinary • Mass that stays the same • Mass of the Proper • Mass that changes due to the season • Requiem Mass • Mass for the dead

  9. The Renaissance 1450-1600 • Motet – a polyphonic sacred text music other than the Mass • Madrigal – secular Italian vocal music, polyphonic, unaccompanied • Chanson – secular French vocal music • Monophony – a single melody, no accompaniment, unison • Polyphony – two or more independent melodic voices • Heterophony – a single melody, performed differently by rhythm or tempo • Homophony – when two or more lines move together in harmony and rhythm • Contrapuntal – music that is harmonically interdependent, but rhythmically independent

  10. The Renaissance 1450-1600 • Johannes Ockeghem • 1410-1497 • singer, composer, first chaplain, in charge of the court choirs for the kings of France, and treasurer of the St. Martin de Tours monastery • Composed masses, motets, and chansons • Considered the leading composer at the time

  11. The Renaissance 1450-1600 • Jacob Obrecht • 1450-1505 • priest, singer, composer, choir master • Moved around a lot from church to church composing music • In 1500, he retired to a court in Italy and in 1505 died of the plague

  12. The Renaissance 1450-1600 • JosquinDesprez • 1440-1521 • French composer, singer, choir master • Existing works include 18 Masses, 95 motets, and 68 chansons • Considered the greatest composer of the Renaissance • Music uses four, five, and six voices • Composing a mass was considered the high point of their career

  13. The Renaissance 1450-1600 • Composed approximately 40 Ordinary Masses, 100 Proper Masses, and over 50 motets and chansons • Made significant contributions to the German song - Lied • Heinrich Isaac • 1450-1517 • German singer and composer • Born in Flanders (border of France and Belgium) • Composer in the Medici court for 12 years • Court composer for Emperor Maximilian I (Holy Roman Emperor) • Credited for bringing music style to Germanic lands

  14. The Renaissance 1450-1600 • Pierre De La Rue • 1460-1518 • French singer, composer • Wrote 30 Masses, 30 motets, and 30 chansons • Jean Moulton • 1459-1522 • Wrote 15 Masses, 20 chansons, and over 100 motets • Parody – borrowing lines of music from other songs and modifying them to create a new work

  15. The Renaissance 1450-1600

  16. The Renaissance 1450-1600 • Second Generation Composers • Jacob Clement • 1515-1556 • Composed 14 Masses, 230 motets, 79 chansons • Nicolas Gombert • 1495-1560 • Composed 11 Masses, 160 motets, 70 chansons • Adrian Willaert • 1490-1562 • Composed Masses, motets, chansons, madrigals

  17. The Renaissance 1450-1600 • Spain and Spanish America • Spain became a political power with the marriage of German and Spanish families • 1559-1659 is considered the “golden century” of Spanish art, literature, and music • Pedro de Escobar • 1465-1536 • Portuguese composer and singer • Francisco de Penalosa • 1470-1528 • Finest Spanish composer at the time • Surviving works = 7 Masses, 10 motets, 10 secular pieces

  18. The Renaissance 1450-1600 • Cristobal de Morales • 1500-1553 • First major Spanish composer • Surviving works = 20 Masses, 2 Requiem Masses, over 100 motets • Spanish America • Cathedrals were built in major cites – Mexico City, Puebla, Cuzco, etc. • Cathedrals were modeled after European Cathedrals • Spanish musicians were appointed the position of chapelmaster and organists – music from Europe began to be performed and integrated into daily life • Cathedrals are built with organs to “fill in” music during services while vocal music remained dominant

  19. The Renaissance 1450-1600

  20. The Renaissance 1450-1600

  21. The Renaissance 1450-1600

  22. The Renaissance 1450-1600 • Giovanni Pierluigida Palestrina • 1525-1594 • Composed 104 Masses, 375 motets, 140 secular songs • Italian composer, famous for his sacred music • Tomas Luis de Vitoria • 1548-1611 • Composed 20 Masses, 52 motets • Greatest Spanish composer of the Renaissance and of sacred music

  23. The Renaissance 1450-1600 • Orlande de Lassus • 1532-1594 • Composed over 2,000 compositions including Masses, motets, chansons, madrigals, and lieder • One of the greatest composers of the late Renaissance • Used his secular works as the bases for his sacred music

  24. The Renaissance 1450-1600 • Instruments of the Late Renaissance • Wind Instruments • Recorder • Cromorne • Shawm • Cornetto • Trumpet • Trombone

  25. The Renaissance 1450-1600 • Instruments of the Late Renaissance • Stringed Instruments • Viol • Violin • Lute

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