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Protista

Protista. Chapter 28. Protista. No longer considered a kingdom Paraphyletic Includes ancestor and some, but not all, of the descendants Contains Animal-like (ingestive) – ends in –zoa Plant-like (photosynthetic) – usually called algae Fungus-like (absorptive) – end in -mycetes

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Protista

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  1. Protista Chapter 28

  2. Protista • No longer considered a kingdom • Paraphyletic • Includes ancestor and some, but not all, of the descendants • Contains • Animal-like (ingestive) – ends in –zoa • Plant-like (photosynthetic) – usually called algae • Fungus-like (absorptive) – end in -mycetes • Protists vary in structure & function more that any other eukaryotic grouping

  3. Most protists are… • Aquatic • Unicellular • Plankton or symbiotic with eukaryotes • Aerobic respiration

  4. Protozoa (Animal-like) • Protists that ingest food • Rhizopoda – unicellular & asexual organisms • Ameobas • Move by pseudopodia (Cytoplasmic extensions) • Phagocytosis – physically ingest food Amoeba proteus uses it pseudopods to engulf a ciliate

  5. Pathogenic Protists • Apicomplexa – Parasites • Plasmodium – protist that causes malaria • Typanosoma – parasitic protist • Causes Sleeping Sickness + Chagas disease • Trichonomas vaginalis – • Anyone want to take a stab at this one? • Vaginal infections (STD)

  6. Malaria • Mosquito-borne disease (usually Anopheles) • Caused by 4 types of plasmodia • P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, P. knowlesi • Characterized by fever pattern • Gin & tonic??

  7. Sleeping Sickness (typanosomiasis) • Vector = tsetse fly • Typanosoma is causative agent • 2 forms • 2008 epidemic in Uganda • Without treatment = fatality • Severe swelling of the lymph nodes • Progressive lack of coordination, confusion, and nocturnal insomnia

  8. Giardia Intestinalis • Diarrheal illness • Fecal-oral transmission • Typically found in contaminated water • Why hikers use water filtration devices

  9. Protozoans • Ciliophora – ciliated protists • Paramecium • Two types of nuclei • Macronucleus – controls everyday activities • Micronuclei – functions in conjugation

  10. Euglena • Euglenozoa OR euglenophyta • Unicellular • Photosynthetic but flagellated + heterotrophic as well

  11. Amoebozoans • One or more nuclei • Unicellular • Pseudopodia for movement, etc.

  12. Dinoflagellates (Plant-like protists) • Dinoflagellates – 2 flagella • Flagella have a perpendicular orientation that lead to a spinning motion • Important producers in aquatic environments • Responsible for aquatic bioluminescence

  13. Diatoms (Plant-like protist) • Unicellular algae • Cell wall made of silica • Major component of phytoplankton in the oceans

  14. Algaes (Plant-like) • Golden Algae – flagellated & part of phytoplankton • Brown Algae (Phaeophyta) • Multicellular & marine • Kelp & seaweed – used in Sushi

  15. Brown Algae Again

  16. Plant Precursors • Red Algae • Warm water seaweeds • Most are multicellular & live at depth • Green Algae (Clorophyta) • Have chlorophyll a & b • Freshwater

  17. Lichens • Green algae + fungus • Sometimes use cyanobacteria in place of algae • Mutualistic association • Plant Ancestors

  18. Oomycetes (Fungus-like) • Water-molds • Parasites & Saprobes • Hyphae (filaments)

  19. Slime molds • Myxomycota – heterotrophs • Plasmodial Slime Molds (PSMs) • Eat & grow as a single clumped unicellular mass called a plasmodium

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