TEST 8 REVIEW

1. TEST 8 REVIEW Mrs. Chustz—Biology II Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering

2. A) base sequences • B) amino acids • C) proteins • D) chromosomes Restriction enzymes are specific in their identification of:

3. A) base sequences • B) amino acids • C) proteins • D) chromosomes Restriction enzymes are specific in their identification of:

4. A) are found only in bacterial cells • B) can join with each other • C) can join only with complementary fragments of the same species • D) are immediately digested by enzymes in the cytoplasm of the cell Fragments of DNA having complementary “sticky ends”:

5. A) are found only in bacterial cells • B) can join with each other • C) can join only with complementary fragments of the same species • D) are immediately digested by enzymes in the cytoplasm of the cell Fragments of DNA having complementary “sticky ends”:

6. A) have sticky ends • B) are restriction enzymes • C) work only on bacterial DNA • D) always break the DNA between G and A Enzymes that cut DNA molecules at specific places:

7. A) have sticky ends • B) are restriction enzymes • C) work only on bacterial DNA • D) always break the DNA between G and A Enzymes that cut DNA molecules at specific places:

8. A) are circular pieces of bacterial DNA • B) replicate when the organism’s main chromosome replicates • C) are often used as vectors in genetic engineering • D) All of the above Plasmids:

9. A) are circular pieces of bacterial DNA • B) replicate when the organism’s main chromosome replicates • C) are often used as vectors in genetic engineering • D) All of the above Plasmids:

10. A) inducing a mutation in a source chromosome • B) cutting DNA with a restriction enzyme • C) recombining pieces of DNA from different organisms • D) cloning and screening bacterial cells Which of the following procedures is NOT a usual step in a recombinant DNA experiment?

11. A) inducing a mutation in a source chromosome • B) cutting DNA with a restriction enzyme • C) recombining pieces of DNA from different organisms • D) cloning and screening bacterial cells Which of the following procedures is NOT a usual step in a recombinant DNA experiment?

12. COMPLETION: The process that involves isolating a gene from the DNA of one organism and transferring the gene into the DNA of another organism is called________.

13. COMPLETION: The process that involves isolating a gene from the DNA of one organism and transferring the gene into the DNA of another organism is called genetic engineering.

14. COMPLETION: The introduction of the nucleus from a body cell into an egg cell to generate an organism IDENTICAL to the donor is called_________.

15. COMPLETION: The introduction of the nucleus from a body cell into an egg cell to generate an organism IDENTICAL to the donor is called cloning.

16. COMPLETION: A technique known as________can be used to separate molecules in a mixture by subjecting them to an electrical field within a gel.

17. GEL ELECTROPHORESIS

18. A) is impossible with current technology • B) causes the human genes to manufacture bacterial proteins • C) results in the formation of a new species of organism • D) allows the bacteria to produce human proteins The use of genetic engineering to transfer human genes into bacteria:

19. A) is impossible with current technology • B) causes the human genes to manufacture bacterial proteins • C) results in the formation of a new species of organism • D) allows the bacteria to produce human proteins The use of genetic engineering to transfer human genes into bacteria:

20. A) determinant RNA • B) recombinant DNA • C) plasmid DNA • D) recombinant RNA A strand of DNA formed by the splicing of DNA from two different species is called:

21. A) determinant RNA • B) recombinant DNA • C) plasmid DNA • D) recombinant RNA A strand of DNA formed by the splicing of DNA from two different species is called:

22. COMPLETION: Unlimited copies of a gene or segment of a DNA molecule can be produced by a process known as____________.

23. PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)

24. A) are used in genetic engineering to make copies of RNA • B) require the same ingredients to make copies of DNA • C) are used in genetic engineering to make proteins • D) None of the above PCR and DNA replication:

25. A) are used in genetic engineering to make copies of RNA • B) require the same ingredients to make copies of DNA • C) are used in genetic engineering to make proteins • D) None of the above PCR and DNA replication:

26. A) an organism’s collection of genes • B) a process used to copy DNA • C) a nucleotide sequence that makes up a particular gene • D) a fragment of DNA added to a chromosome during a recombinant DNA experiment A genome is:

27. A) an organism’s collection of genes • B) a process used to copy DNA • C) a nucleotide sequence that makes up a particular gene • D) a fragment of DNA added to a chromosome during a recombinant DNA experiment A genome is:

28. COMPLETION: The name of the scientific program with the goals of constructing physical maps of human chromosomes and determining the DNA sequences of those chromosomes is the___________.

29. COMPLETION: The name of the scientific program with the goals of constructing physical maps of human chromosomes and determining the DNA sequences of those chromosomes is the Human Genome Project.

30. A) is impossible at this time • B) will cause cancer • C) will cause antibiotics to kill those cells • D) is called gene therapy Transferring normal genes into human cells that lack them:

31. A) is impossible at this time • B) will cause cancer • C) will cause antibiotics to kill those cells • D) is called gene therapy Transferring normal genes into human cells that lack them:

32. A) produce chemicals that kill weeds growing near them • B) die when exposed to herbicide • C) convert herbicide to fertilizer • D) survive when the herbicide is sprayed on the field A gene that codes for resistance to an herbicide has been added to the genome of certain plants. These plants will:

33. A) produce chemicals that kill weeds growing near them • B) die when exposed to herbicide • C) convert herbicide to fertilizer • D) survive when the herbicide is sprayed on the field A gene that codes for resistance to an herbicide has been added to the genome of certain plants. These plants will:

34. A) the need for nitrogen fertilizers would be reduced • B) plants would be able to absorb nitrogen from the air and use it • C) the cost of cultivating the crops would be reduced • D) All of the above Legumes are plants with nodules on their roots containing bacteria that convert Nitrogen gas into a form that the plant can use. If other crops could be genetically engineered to carry out this process:

35. A) the need for nitrogen fertilizers would be reduced • B) plants would be able to absorb nitrogen from the air and use it • C) the cost of cultivating the crops would be reduced • D) All of the above Legumes are plants with nodules on their roots containing bacteria that convert Nitrogen gas into a form that the plant can use. If other crops could be genetically engineered to carry out this process:

36. Give at least 2 advantages of the use of DNA technology in medicine.

37. In what ways can genetic engineering affect agriculture?

38. A) Wild plants could crossbreed with engineered crop plants to become “super weeds” • B) GE crops could produce chemicals that leach into the ground water and poison people who drink the water • C) Loss of confidentiality could cause discrimination in the workplace • D) Future generations of humans could be affected if reproductive cells are involved in gene therapy. Which of the following is NOT a concern expressed by some people about genetic engineering?

39. A) Wild plants could crossbreed with engineered crop plants to become “super weeds” • B) GE crops could produce chemicals that leach into the ground water and poison people who drink the water • C) Loss of confidentiality could cause discrimination in the workplace • D) Future generations of humans could be affected if reproductive cells are involved in gene therapy. Which of the following is NOT a concern expressed by some people about genetic engineering?

40. A) the human genome consists of only about 30,000 to 40,000 genes • B) 98% of the human genome codes for proteins • C) each gene encodes only a single protein • D) the human genome contains no transposons One of the surprising discoveries of the Human Genome Project was that:

41. A) the human genome consists of only about 30,000 to 40,000 genes • B) 98% of the human genome codes for proteins • C) each gene encodes only a single protein • D) the human genome contains no transposons One of the surprising discoveries of the Human Genome Project was that:

42. What are two important characteristics of bacterial plasmid DNA?

43. Describe how you would introduce a human gene into a bacterial plasmid.

44. A) a set of homologous chromosomes • B) a molecule within DNA • C) a type of pants • D) a segment of DNA that codes for protein What is a gene?

45. A) a set of homologous chromosomes • B) a molecule within DNA • C) a type of pants • D) a segment of DNA that codes for protein What is a gene?

46. True or False Gel electrophoresis is a process that uses electricity to separate pieces of DNA based on their size.

47. True Gel electrophoresis is a process that uses electricity to separate pieces of DNA based on their size.

48. A) math • B) computer science • C) fingerprints • D) the genomes of model species An understanding of the human genome is aided by an understanding of:

49. A) math • B) computer science • C) fingerprints • D) the genomes of model species An understanding of the human genome is aided by an understanding of:

50. A) studying families in which the disorder appears • B) studying genetic maps • C) using information from the Human Genome Project • D) All of the above Specific genes responsible for genetic disorders will be identified by: