Terrorism: Understanding History and Responding to Threats in Lucas County

1. LUCAS COUNTY Community Emergency Response Teams Promoting a culture of service, citizenship and responsibility MODULE 8 - TERRORISM

2. Terrorism

3. Objectives • Understand the history of Modern-Day Terrorism. • Define Terrorism and Weapons of Mass Destruction. • Understand the types of Weapons of Mass Destruction and their effects. • Identify the threat to Northwest Ohio. • Explain how to respond if a terrorist attack occurs in your community.

4. Objectives • Understand the history of Modern-Day Terrorism.

5. History of Terrorism 1763: Ohio River Valley Sir Jeffrey Amherst 40,000 Killed

6. History of Terrorism 1914 -1945 WW I – WWII 10,000,000 (est.) Killed

7. History of Terrorism A New Kind of War

8. History of Terrorism 1970 -2000 The Terrorists

9. History of Terrorism V Achille-Lauro, Mediterranean Sea Robert Stethom, U.S. Navy U.S.. Embassy, Kenya Marine Barracks, Beirut Khobar Towers, Saudia Arabia Colonel William Higgins U.S.S. Cole, Yemen U.S.. Embassy, Tanzania U.S. Embassy, Beirut 1970 -2000 The Events

10. History of Terrorism February 26, 1993 World Trade Center 6 Killed 1,000 Injured

11. September 11, 2001 A New Kind of War

12. Objectives • Define Terrorism and Weapons of Mass Destruction.

13. Definition Terrorism is the unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property in violation of criminal laws for purposes of intimidation, coercion, or ransom.

14. Definition V March 20, 1995 Tokyo, Japan 12 Killed; 5,500 Injured

15. Definition V March 1984 The Dalles, Oregon 751 Sickened

16. Definition • Domestic Terrorism • Right – Wing Terrorism • Left – Wing Terrorism • Special Interest Groups • International Terrorism

17. Definition: Right-Wing July, 1996 – February, 1997 Atlanta, Georgia April 19, 1995 Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 168 killed; 400 injured 4 killed 200 injured

18. Definition: Left-Wing December 1-3, 1999 Seattle, Washington

19. Definition: Special Interest Group Earth Liberation Front

20. Domestic Terrorist Groups: Ohio Skinheads Nation of Islam Aryan Nation Ohio Unorganized Militia Ku Klux Klan Ohio Organized Militia World Church of the Creator

21. Definition • Domestic Terrorism • Right – Wing Terrorism • Left – Wing Terrorism • Special Interest Groups • International Terrorism • Radical International Jihad Movement • State Sponsors of Terrorism • Formalized Terrorist Organizations

22. State Sponsors of Terrorism NORTH KOREA IRAQ SUDAN IRAN SYRIA

23. State Sponsors of Terrorism December 21, 1984 Pan Am Flight 103 283 killed

24. Formalized Terrorist Groups Sheikh YassinHamas Cleric …..If the U.S. moves into Iraq, suicide bombers will target U.S. interests and personnel, which in the past, Hamas only targeted Israeli interests..…

25. Terrorist Cells in the U.S.

26. Objectives • Understand the types of Weapons of Mass Destruction and their effects.

27. Radiological Threat LUCAS COUNTY Community Emergency Response Teams

28. Dirty Bomb Dirty Bomb: Conventional explosive which simply disperses industrial or medical- grade radioactive material over a large populated area with the intent to: (1) contaminate a wide area and render it useless for a period of time (2) cause widespread panic amongst the population.

29. Types of Radiation • Alpha • Beta • Gamma • X-Ray

30. Personal Protection TIME DISTANCE SHIELD

31. Chemical Threat LUCAS COUNTY Community Emergency Response Teams

32. Chemical Agents Classes of Chemical Agents Chemical Warfare Agents Lethal Incapacitating and Riot Control Industrial Chemicals Warfare Agents Choking Agents Blood Agents Blister Agents Nerve Agents

33. Chemical Attack Indicators • Dead animals. • Discolored or dead plant life. • Unexplained odors (per dispatch). • Low lying clouds. • Written or verbal threats. • Report of an explosion with little • or no physical damage. • Mass casualty scene or definite casualty pattern with similar symptoms.

34. Biological Threat LUCAS COUNTY Community Emergency Response Teams

35. Biological Threat THREE CLASSES • Bacterial • Anthrax • Plague • Viral • Small Pox • Viral Hemorrhagic Fever • Toxins • Botulism • Ricin

36. Biological Attack Indicators • Unusual number of sick or dying people or animals. • Suspicious bombing incidents. • Unscheduled or unusual dissemination of sprayed materials. • Abandoned spray or dispersion device. • Containers from laboratory or biological supply houses. • Calls to 911 Dispatch & EMS Response. • Written or verbal threats.

37. Explosive Threat LUCAS COUNTY Community Emergency Response Teams

38. Explosive Devices 70% of all Terrorist Attacks are committed using Explosives.

39. Explosive Devices Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 168 Taegue, South Korea 202 Bali, Indonesia 283 Tanzania & Kenya, Africa 264 Madrid, Spain 198 Lucas County

40. WMD Weapons Reasons terrorists might use WMD weapons • Cheap • Available • Effective • Difficult to detect • Maximum benefit /minimum resources

41. Available: Atomic Boy Scout Atomic Energy Merit Badge

42. Effectiveness: “Chemical Ali” V March 17, 1988 Halabja, Iraq 5,000 Killed

43. Objectives • Identify the threat to Northwest Ohio.

44. Threat to NW Ohio

45. Threat to NW Ohio Proximity to Known Terrorist Cells Proximity to Canada -Open Borders The Interstate Highway System History of “Holy Toledo” Port of Toledo Great Lakes/Fresh Water

46. TERRORIST TARGETSIN NORTHWEST OHIO?

47. Terrorist Targets Enclosed areas

48. Terrorist Targets • High profile events • Large crowds • High payoff and accessible facilities

49. Auglaize Terrorist Targets • High profile events • Large crowds • High payoff and accessible facilities

50. Guernsey Terrorist Targets • High profile events • Large crowds • High payoff and accessible facilities