DEVELOPMENT AND PROSPECT OF DISTANCE LEARNING IN CHINA Xuewei SUN Qingjun DIAO Jichang YAN

1. DEVELOPMENT AND PROSPECT OF DISTANCE LEARNING IN CHINA Xuewei SUN Qingjun DIAO Jichang YAN School of Continuing Education Tsinghua University, China Sophia Antipolis, France, 6 May, 2002

2. A. Survey on Distance Learning in Higher Educational Institutions in Mainland China B. Situation of Distance Learning in Tsinghua University C. Some Thinking About Development of Distance Learning

3. A. Survey on Distance Learning in Higher Educational Institutions in Mainland China

4. a. System and management organization on distance learning b. Students who are learning via distance education c. Transmission modes

5. a. System and management organization on distance learning

6. Science & Technology Department Student Management Department Ministry of Education China Higher Education Department Office of Educational Technology Experts Consulting Group next subject>>

7. Chinese modern distance education standard committee

8. Chinese Resource Construction Committee for Modern Distance Education Higher education department Division of Distance Education National Modern Distance Education Coordination Organization of Chinese Universities

9. Division of Satellite Station

10. General standard of modern distance learning Standard relative to learners Working group subjects Data and metadata standard Platform and tools standard

11. Strategy research, Investigation

12. Associate Group for Modern Distance Education of China Higher Education Institutions • Secretary Group (Unit in Charge: Tsinghua University) • Teaching Management Group (Unit in Charge;Beijing Normal Univ.) • Educational Technology Group (Unit in Charge, Peking Univ.)

13. Chief unit of group: Tsinghua University • Vice chief units of group: Peking Univ., Beijing Normal Univ., China People’s Univ., Shanghai Jiaotong Univ., Hunan Univ., Chongqing Uinv.

14. Chair of Group: Prof. Hu Dongcheng, Vice President of Tsinghua Univ. • Vice Chair of Group:Prof. He Fangchuan, Vice President of Peking Univ. et al. • Secretary General:Prof. Yan Jichang, Executive Vice Dean of School of Continuing Education, Tsinghua Univ. • Vice secretary general:Prof.Hou Jianjun, Chief of Division of Distance Learning, Peking Univ., et al

15. List Of Universities Which Are Approved To Do Distance Learning Test By the Ministry Of Education Of China • (1) First 31 Universities (July, 2000): Tsinghua Univ., Peking Univ., Zhejiang Univ., Beijing University of Posts and Telecommucations,hunan Univ., Shanghai Jiaotong Univ., Beijing Normal Univ., China North-east Univ., Fudan Univ.,etc

16. (2)Second 7 Universities (end of 2000): Chinese East Normal Univ.,Xiamen Univ., etc. (3) Third 7 Universities (2001): China Agriculture Univ., Nankai Univ., etc

17. Tasks of the Associate Group • Study the policy and rule for developing DL • Promote the infrastructure construction • Evaluate the DL quality • Enhance cooperation and academic exchanging (international and domestic) • Provide the basic information for MOE; Consulting

18. b. Students who are learning via distance education Three Educational Systems of China Higher Education

19. Higher Education in China Ordinary higher education full time student Ordinary diploma,degree Adult higher education fulltime student Part time student Adult diploma,degree Self-taught exams Part time student diploma, degree

20. Students (data up to Nov. 2001)

21. Students (data up to Nov. 2001) Total Students (including Original Universities and Central Radio&TV Univ.): 607,838

22. c. Transmission modes

23. Transmission Modes (38 universities)

24. (1) China Education Broadband Satellite Net (CETV: Central Education TV) Open from Oct. 31, 2000 It provides: Audio, Video Broadcasting, IP Program, etc. to Whole Country. IP Data Broadcasting : Distance Learning Course Peking University, Central Radio &TV univ., China Agriculture Univ., Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, etc. Communication Satellite:Sino-1 KU Band, 6A transmitter, Down transmitting central frequency : 12620MHz

25. (2) Tsinghua university Communication Satellite: Asia-2, KU Band Bandwidth: 6.5 MHz Specially used to transmit living broadcast course, multimedia courseware, teaching assistant materials, etc.

26. B. Situation of Distance Learning in Tsinghua University

27. 1. Guidelines Planning as a whole Driving by demand Extending and opening Improving the quality

28. 2. Running System at Present Tsinghua University has set up 113 teaching stations located in all the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities except Tibet in China. Most of them are set up in higher education institutes (such as Yunnan Univ., Sichuan Radio and TV Univ., etc.)

30. 3. Transmission Modes and Tests on Various Modes of Interactive Distance Learning • Internet • Satellite Digital Broadcasting Network • Cable Radio&TV Network

31. The basic mode for teaching stations out-of campus is the coordinated running of satellite network and computer network Communication Satellite: Asia-2, KU Band Bandwidth: 6.5 MHz IP Data Broadcasting is the focus in later development

32. Real-time interactive talk and answer system uses these several modes: • Satellite VSAT System • ISDN Video Conference System • Video&Audio Phone System • Real-time Interactive System on the Network

33. System scheme of distance learning in Tsinghua Univ.

34. Cable TV Network Transmission Platform China has the biggest Cable TV Network in the world and it is broadband high-speed network which can transmit multi-channel educational or other programs. We have made a test on Distance Learning by using Cable TV Network with the cooperation of Xiamen Cable TV Transmission Center

35. Tests on Network Distance Learning On Beijing Science and Education Information Network(ATM 155M), all the courses are web-based. Tsinghua Univ. Network School has opened 137 network courses and 397 network self-study courseware

36. 4. Levels and Types of the Courses • Training programs of High Technology and Modern Business Management • Advance studies as postgraduate level: Management of Enterprise, Computer Application Techniques, Civil and Commercial Law • Adult Diploma Education Economics, Law, English Art Design, Environmental Art Design, Garment Art Design

37. Students Training of High Technology and Advanced Modern Business Management >2000 Advance studies as postgraduate level 6200 Management of Enterprise 3321 Computer Application Technology 1952 Civil and Commercial Law 461

38. Students (Cont.) Adult Diploma Education 5200 Freshmen of Autumn 2001 English 382 Economics 765 Law 853 Art Design 752 Total 2752

39. 5. Quality Guarantee System • Examine and approve teaching schedules and syllabi strictly, ensure them accord with the requirement of Ministry of Education • Choose excellent teachers to teach, to offer courseware scripts and to participate in courseware’s produce • Carry out discussion, tutorship and question answer • Stringent examination system: Establish and keep strict examination discipline and good examination atmosphere

40. Signed Contact with the Exam Center of the Ministry of Education in Mar. 14, 2001 The exams of Distance Learning of Tsinghua University will be organized by the Exam Center. This is useful to guarantee the exam quality and reduce the exam costs.

41. 6. Distance Learning Does a Favor to Developing Western China • There has established 24 teaching stations in Western areas. • There are 3821students now, among them： Advance studies as postgraduate 1877 Adult Diploma Education 444 Training of High Technology and Advanced Modern Business Management 1500

42. Preferential Methods to Western Areas • With more recruit numbers in Western areas • The tuition fee of Adult Diploma Education in Western areas is 50% off • The tuition fee of Advance studies as postgraduate in Western areas is 30% off

43. 7. Many units of Tsinghua University actively develop online education • School of Architecture and Graduate School in Tsinghua Univ. etc. are developing and using online courses for training postgraduates and engineering masters

44. 8. Cooperation with abroad • Cooperation with WBI in Mar. 2001“Challenge and Opportunity of Globalization and China’s Entry into WTO”8 distance stations participatedTotally 420 students and 297 passed. The course is running the second time during Aug.-Oct. this year. • Other partners MUCIA, APRU, NIME, and Osaka Univ., etc.

45. C. Some Thinking About Development of Distance Learning

46. Orientation and function of Continue Education in Tsinghua University • Principles Can’t take too much the resource in the Campus Can’t damage the reputation of Tsinghua University Focusing on Non-diploma and Non-degree education Focusing on in-service study Focusing on distance learning

47. Diploma and degree Education should consider the endure ability of the university Excellence students in the society can get diplomas of Tsinghua University “Engage on the internal work, Neaten the stations, Perfect the service, Improve the quality”

48. Integrating the campus resource, avoiding overlap and no order competition Exploring the mechanism of the industrialization of training education • Ensure Tsinghua’s leader position in the universities in developing distance education. Preparing to compete with education organizations in our country and from aboard

49. Enhance the service system for Distance Learning, including network service, digital library, etc. • Colleges and Academic departments should encourage faculties to devote into Distance Learning and set up the reputation of Distance Learning of Tsinghua University

50. Tsinghua Network School has been set up in April 2000. Tsinghua University Educational Administration Office and the School of Continuing Education have started the project of web-based courseware production. • With the upgrading of China Education and Research Network, we carry out more distance education through web nationwide. • To enhance collaborations with the institutes beyond Chinese mainland is very important.