Natural Gas Powered Vehicles

2. Natural Gas Powered Vehicles

3. Historic CNG Vehicle and Equipment

4. Powered by Natural Gas 1932 Chrysler “Ironsides” Powered By Mogas Natural Gas System

5. Natural Gas for the Commercial Transportation Market Market Overview • Commercial Vehicle Applications • Local/Regional • Food/Beverage distribution • Drayage • Municipal • Utilities • Current Chassis • PACCAR • DTNA/Freightliner • Volvo/Mack • Navistar • Current Engines • Cummins Westport GX • Cummins ISL-G • MaxxForce DT-ESI system • Future Development

6. Natural Gas for the Commercial Transportation Market • Benefits/Attributes • One of the cleanest fuels available – 25% GHG reduction versus Clean Diesel • Domestic Fuel Source • Substantial fuel cost savings with long term stability • Quiet – No diesel knock • No diesel odor • MAY reduce Emissions Control Technology • Complexity (varies by Engine model)

7. Natural Gas for the Commercial Transportation Market • Limitations/Opportunities • Fuel Infrastructure is fragmented, not yet 100% suited for commercial vehicles • Range Anxiety • Maintenance Infrastructure costs are high • ($350k-$500K per site) • Engine portfolio is limited, but expanding • Vehicle Investment Premiums

8. Natural Gas for the Commercial Transportation Market • Ryder/SANBAG Project • Cooperative project between Ryder, SANBAG, Department of Energy, and California Energy Commission. • The project calls for: • The delivery of more than 202 natural gas powered commercial vehicles. • The creation of a natural gas maintenance infrastructure in Southern California leveraging 3 of Ryder’s existing full service maintenance facilities. • The construction of two fuel stations (both LNG and CNG capable) with public access available. • Construction under way for maintenance / fuel network. • Grand opening for Rancho Dominguez was May 4, 2011 • Orange, CA will open for maintenance work in January 2012, Fuel in April or May • Fontana, CA will open for maintenance in April of 2012 and fuel in June or July

9. Natural Gas for the Commercial Transportation Market • Ryder’s Current Experience • Through our active projects we have developed vast knowledge in the areas of: • Facility design and layout • Facility modifications required to maintain compliance to NFPA and Electric Codes • Natural Gas engine technology • Fuel station design and layout • The result of that knowledge is demonstrated through: • Our technician training programs, supported through direct OEM technical relationships. • Our employee (non-technical) natural gas awareness training • Our customer and driver, training and awareness programs • Community awareness training, regarding the environmental benefits of natural gas.

10. How Can Natural Gas Burn Cleaner than Diesel? Diesel fuel, Oil, Coal, the other fossil fuels, are chemically complex. They contain higher proportions of carbon and hydrogen. (C12 H26) Natural gas has a simple chemical make-up: one molecule of carbon and four molecules of hydrogen (C H4). That's what makes it burn so cleanly.

11. Natural Gas for the Commercial Transportation Market • Natural Gas Availability • CNG Network - 1,000+ stations in North America - Less than 50 thought to be commercial vehicle viable • LNG Network - Currently only 7 public LNG stations in U.S. • Natural Gas Pricing Versus Diesel • Natural Gas deposits in North America Posted price 3/24/11, Long Bch, CA

12. CNG FUEL CHARACTERIST • Compressed Natural Gas • 3600 PSI • Same Methane that you have in your home • Pipeline Sourced, then Compressed • New Sources of Methane; Landfills and Farms • Stored in High Pressure Cylinders on the Vehicles • Fuel Dispensing Similar to Diesel • Lowest Price NG versus LNG, (Well to Wheel) • Fair Infrastructure; 1000 Stations in North America (less than 10% Truck-Friendly) • Heaviest Fuel – When Comparing Loaded 75 DGE Fuel System to Weight of 75 Gallon Diesel Fuel System, CNG is about 400 “net” Pounds Heavier • Multiple Tanks Required to Carry Supply of CNG • Current CNG configuration is 75 DGE’s (Diesel Gallon Equivalents) which yield a potential 300-325 mile range

13. LNG FUEL CHARACTERISTICS • Liquefied NG – Methane is Cryogenically Frozen to 265 Degrees Below Zero F • More Expensive than CNG - Due to processing and transportation cost • Trucked to Storage Facilities • Stored In Vacuum Tanks in Stations and on Vehicles • Special Training and Protective Clothing Required for Vehicle Fueling • LNG Vents to the Atmosphere as it Warms in the Storage Tanks (Station and Truck) which equals a loss of efficiency • Slightly Better Range Than CNG by volume • Heavier than Diesel, but not as Heavy as CNG • Poor Infrastructure • More Stations Planned, but Slow in Actual Production - Clean Energy has plans for 450 locations. 70 of them in 2012 • Current FTL configuration is 86 DGE’s (Diesel Gallon Equivalents) which yields a potential 400-425 mile range per tank.

14. Natural Gas Engine Technology • Dedicated Fuel- • Uses 100% natural gas • Spark ignited – less efficient combustion • Maintenance intervals may be shorter (more frequent ODI’s) • Eliminates need to utilize DPF’s or ATD’s for EPA ’10 Compliance • CNG or LNG • Currently ISL-G, MaxxForce DT, Cummins 11.9L (Late-2012) • Dual Fuel- • Uses a mix of diesel and natural gas • Ratio varies, but typically 85% to 90% NG • Compression combustion, uses diesel pilot burn for ignition source • More efficient combustion, better MPG’s • Potentially More complex after-treatment (DPF, SCR, DEF, NG) • CNG or LNG • Currently found in Cummins Westport GX (15L) and in upcoming MF13

15. Natural Gas for the Commercial Transportation Market • NG Fueling Station

16. Natural Gas for the Commercial Transportation Market • On-Vehicle Fuel Storage Configurations Compressed Natural Gas - CNG Liquefied Natural Gas - LNG

17. Tractor Specifications Model: Freightliner M2 Bumper to Back-of-Cab: 112” Wheelbase: 185” Engine: Cummins Westport ISL Gas Horsepower: 320 HP (additional HP ratings to follow) Torque: 1,000 lb/ft @ 1,300 RPM Transmission: Allison 3000 HS Automatic Front Axle Rating: 12,000lbs. Rear Axle Rating: 40,000lbs. Front Suspension: Taperleaf Rear Suspension: AirLiner Fuel Tanks: 147 Gallon LNG (86 DGE) CNG (75 DGE)

18. Vehicle & Driver Safety - Methane Detection • Sensors mounted in the cab, and engine compartment • Visually and audibly warns driver of fuel leaks • Trace amount (no concern) • Significant amount (potential hazard concern) • NG will ignite when there is a 5%-15% mixture in the air • Methane Detection installed on LNG and CNG vehicles Mounted In The Overhead Console

19. Fill Ports Standard and High Capacity Receptacles

20. Vehicle Specifications for Fuel Economy

21. Vehicle Specifications for Fuel Economy • Transmissions • Manual - Automated • Overdrive • Direct Drive • Axle Ratios • Today’s Axle Ratios for Fuel Economy • Engine Selection • Horse Power • Torque • Controls • Progressive Shifting • Gear Down Protection

22. Vehicle Specifications for Fuel Economy Automated Transmissions An automated mechanical transmission (AMT) is a manual transmission that uses a computer to determine when the gear ratio changes need to occur and a servo-mechanism to perform the shifts. Most of today’s AMTs also use the AMT’s computer to determine when the clutch needs to be operated and a servo-mechanism to operate the clutch. The clutch pedal is removed and the vehicle is operated very much like an automatic transmission equipped vehicle. Benefits: Less acquisition cost than an automatic transmission and no shifting distraction. You should get better fuel economy than a manual or an automatic transmission. Less driver training. Disadvantage: Higher acquisition cost than a manual transmission.

23. Eaton - UltraShift PLUS X-Y Shifter Transmission Control Module Electric Clutch Actuator Automated Transmission

24. 10 Speed Overdrive Transmission – 3.42 Axle Ratio Difference is 379 RPM Or .74 Over Drive 9th Gear 50 MPH = 1459 RPM 10th Gear 50 MPH = 1080 RPM

25. 10 Speed Direct Drive Transmission - 2.47 Axle Ratio 10th Gear @ 50 MPH 1054 RPM

26. Vehicle Specifications for Fuel Economy Horse Power Vs Torque Torque = Startabilty and Gradeabilty Horsepower = Road Speed Engine and axle ratio must be selected to allow for operation in the “sweet spot” at cruise speed. Road speed change of 3 MPH could require an axle ratio change

27. Vehicle Specifications for Fuel Economy Engine Selection – Sweet Spot

28. Vehicle Specifications for Fuel Economy Engine Selection Peak torque engine speed is now at 1100 RPM • Fuel Economy: 1370 RPM @ 65 MPH cruise speed - 1650 lb ft ratings for the fuel efficient spec. • Balanced: 1400 RPM @ 65 MPH cruise speed - balanced fuel economy and performance spec.

29. Vehicle Specifications for Fuel Economy Equipment Controls Gear Down Protection offers a high range maximum Vehicle Limit Speed to encourage the use of high (top) gear during cruise operation. Progressive Shift encourages the driver to up shift from a lower to a higher gear prior to reaching the engine's governed speed. The resulting lower engine speed in high range should result in improved fuel economy. Progressive shifting techniques should be practiced by every driver, but can be forced if fleet management considers it necessary. The benefits from progressive shifting are best realized during stop-and-go driving cycles.

30. Vehicle Specifications for Fuel Economy Equipment Controls

31. Vehicle Specifications for Fuel Economy Aerodynamics

32. Thank YouArthur J. TrahanSr. Manager, National Accounts , Technical SupportRyder Truck RentalMiami, Florida