EU GPP Road Transport: Environmental Impact & Criteria Overview

1. GPP Training toolkit7.9. Road Transport

2. GPP Training Toolkit Module 2: Strategic Aspects of GPP Module 4: Needs Assessment Module 1: Introduction Module 7: Operational (Road Transport) Module 5: Circular Procurement Module 6: Market Engagement Module 3: Legal Aspects of GPP Module 7.9 – Road Transport

3. Environmental impacts How does road transport affect the environment? • Transport represents almost ¼ GHG emissions in Europe • Main cause of air pollution in cities • Road transport accounts for more that 70% of all GHG emissions from transport (2014) Module 7.9 – Road Transport

4. Scope What is included in the EU GPP Criteria The following categories of vehicles and services are included: • Purchase, lease or rental of cars, light commercial vehicles and L-category vehicles • Mobility services • Purchase or lease of buses • Bus services • Waste collection trucks • Waste collection services • Post, courier and moving services For definitions see: EU GPP Criteria for Road Transport Module 7.9 – Road Transport

5. Needs Assessment Meeting mobility needs Reducing emissions Mobility needs don’t always require new vehicles • Can utilisation rates of existing vehicles be improved? • Do alternatives exist? i.e. teleconferencing, public transport passes, car or bike sharing schemes etc. • Training in eco-driving and regular maintenance can also help to reduce existing vehicles CO2 and other polluting emissions Example: Increasing fleet management efficiency through car sharing (Bremen, Germany) More information in: Module 4: Needs Assessment Module 7.9 – Road Transport

6. Overview EU GPP road transport approach Require criteria on: • type-approval CO2 emissions for cars and LCVs, and specific technologies for heavy duty vehicles and L-category vehicles • air pollutant emissions performance for cars and LCVs, and specific technologies for heavy duty vehicles and L-category vehicles • rolling resistance of tyres • energy efficiency for electric cars and LCVs • battery warranties • vehicle and tyres noise emissions • tyres and lubricants for maintenance activities Plus: • Require key competences and the application of key environmental management measures and practices from service providers • Require adequate and frequent training fro the staff of service providers Module 7.9 – Road Transport

7. EU GPP Criteria Road transport (2019) Examples: • Selection criteria (SC) – for services: relevant experience necessary in: identifying, evaluating and implementing the available technologies and measures to reduce GHG emissions and air pollutant emissions; and monitoring and reporting procedures of the GHG emissions • Technical specifications (TS) – for electric vehicles: must provide a minimum battery warranty of 150 000km or 8 years against capacity loss below 70% of its original value at delivery • Award criteria (AC) – for cars, LCVs, or L-type vehicles: points awarded according to the range the car can travel without any tailpipe emissions, in proportion to the capability of the vehicles For full criteria see: • EU GPP Criteria for Road Transport Module 7.9 – Road Transport

8. EU GPP Criteria Road transport (2019) (cont.) Examples (cont.): • Contract performance clauses –for services. All drivers must be trained on a regular basis to increase fuel efficiency, and must receive regular info about their performance For full criteria see: • EU GPP Criteria for Road Transport Module 7.9 – Road Transport

9. Verification What to ask for? When? Compliance with GPP criteria should be assessed: At the selection stage (in two-stage procedures); During evaluation of tenders; and During the contract execution phase. Checking compliance with GPP criteria for transport • Self-declaration • Certificates • Technical sheets • Test reports (or other appropriate forms of proof, such as technical dossiers (where test reports are not available) For full verification instructions see: • EU GPP Criteria for Road Transport Module 7.9 – Road Transport

10. Verification Examples from the criteria TS1: Type-approval CO2 value (comprehensive) CO2 emissions of cars, light commercial vehicles and L-category vehicles must not exceed the following: • 2019: 40 CO2 g/km • 2020: 35 CO2 g/km • 2021: 25 CO2 g/km Verification: The tenderer must provide the vehicle’s certificate of conformity Module 7.9 – Road Transport

11. Verification Examples from the criteria TS6: Minimum warranty (electric vehicles – cars, light commercial vehicles and L-category vehicles) The tenderer must provide a minimum warranty for the battery of 150 000km or 8 years against capacity loss below 70% of its original value at delivery (EN 62660) Verification: The tenderer must present a declaration with the warranty terms. Module 7.9 – Road Transport

12. Legislation supporting GPP Clean Vehicles Directive (CVD) This Directive aims at the broad market introduction of environmentally-friendly vehicles. Requires that energy and environmental impacts linked to operation of vehicles over their whole lifetime are taken into account in purchase of road transport vehicles, either by: • Setting technical specifications for energy and environmental performance • Including energy and environmental impacts as award criteria The Clean Vehicles Directive is currently being revised, including proposals for new CO2 and air pollution thresholds. More information in: • Clean Vehicles Directive 2006/33/EC • Review of Clean Vehicles Directive Module 7.9 – Road Transport

13. Market Availability Ecolabels for road transport Credibility matters! There is no EU Ecolabel for road transport, however: • Blue Angel (Germany) provides ecolabels for the following: • Car sharing • Car sharing for fleets of electric vehicles • Low noise and low pollutant vehicles • Bra Miljöval (Sweden) • Courier/ delivery services • Type I ecolabels can be a source of additional criteria (when Linked to Subject Matter!) • ‘Type I’ ecolabels= verified by a third party and awarded on the basis of life cycle impacts See Module 3 (Legal) for more on ecolabels The EU Ecolabel for lubricants can be used to verify award criteria for lubricant oils, hydraulic fluids and grease Module 7.9 – Road Transport

14. Life Cycle Costing LCC = considering all the costs that will be incurred during the lifetime of a product, work or service Estimated LCC of vehicles and services: Cars and LCVs with strict CO2 emissions reduce LCC by 15-20% Electric buses reduce LCC by 2.5-6% Eco-driving training reduces LCC by 0.5-2% LCC of vehicles: Total cost of ownership: Acquisition costs Fuel costs Maintenance costs Insurance Taxes Cost of externalities: emissions of CO2 and NOX, NMHCs and PM LCC of road transport For more on the LCC of road transport see the Technical Background Report Module 7.9 – Road Transport

15. Case Studies Framework for alternatively powered vehicles (Federal Procurement Agency, Austria) Towards zero emission public transport (Province of North Brabant, the Netherlands) E-bikes for mail deliveries (Croatian Post service) GPP Helpdesk For further support on GPP, contact the EU’s free Helpdesk Toolkit developed for the European Commission by ICLEI - Local Governments for Sustainability Module Author: ICLEI – Local Governments for Sustainability Owner, Editor: European Commission, DG Environment, 2019 Photos: courtesy of Pixabay.com under Creative Commons CCO Disclaimer: This toolkit is an indicative document of the Commission services and cannot be considered binding to this institution in any way. Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use that might be made of theinformation in this document. Module 7.9 – Road Transport