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THE AGE OF EXPLORATION

THE AGE OF EXPLORATION. Essential Question : What factors motivated the European Age of Exploration?. From the 1400s to the 1700s, Europe experienced an “Age of Exploration”. The Renaissance encouraged curiosity and a desire for trade.

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THE AGE OF EXPLORATION

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  1. THE AGE OF EXPLORATION

  2. Essential Question: What factors motivated the European Age of Exploration?

  3. From the 1400s to the 1700s, Europe experienced an “Age of Exploration” The Renaissance encouraged curiosity and a desire for trade Motivations: Why did Europeans want to explore? As a result of exploration, European nations grew powerful and spread their influence throughout the world

  4. GOLD (MONEY) Merchants began looking for quick, direct trade routes to Asia to avoid dealing with Muslim and Italian merchants and increase profits A desire for new sources of wealth was the main reason for European exploration The Crusades and the Renaissance stimulated European desires for exotic Asian luxury goods

  5. GLORY Kings who sponsored voyages of exploration gained overseas colonies: lands that were sources of wealth for their nation and increased power The Renaissance inspired new possibilities for power and prestige Exploration presented Europeans the opportunity to rise from povertyand gain fame, fortune, and status

  6. GOD EuropeanChristians, especially Catholics, wanted to stop the spread of Islam and convert non-Christians to Christianity Explorers were encouraged to spread Christianityor bring missionaries who would focus only on conversions

  7. The Age of Exploration THE MEANS: HOW were explorers able to sail so far and make it back again? Before the Renaissance, sailors did not have the technology to sail very far from Europe and return

  8. NAVIGATION and MAPS Trade and cultural diffusion during the Renaissance introduced new navigation techniquesto Europeans Maps were more accurate and used latitude and longitude Astrolabe used stars to show direction Magnetic compass made sailing more accurate

  9. European shipbuilders built better ships; the caravel was a strong ship that could travel in the open seas and in shallow water Caravels had triangular and lateen sails that allowed ships to sail against the wind A moveable rudder made the caravel more maneuverable Cannons and rifles gave ships protection

  10. NEXT… THE EUROPEAN EXPLORERS

  11. EUROPEAN EXPLORERS

  12. The Age of Exploration Who were the explorers? Where did they go? How did they change world history?

  13. PART IEarly Explorers

  14. Europeans were not the first to explore the oceans in search of new trade routes Islamic merchants explored the Indian Ocean and had dominated the Asian spice trade for centuries before European exploration

  15. Early Exploration From 1405 to 1433, Zheng He led the Chinese treasure fleet on seven expeditions to Southeast Asia, India, and Africa during the Ming Dynasty

  16. But in the late 1400s, the European sailors did what neither Muslim nor Chinese explorers could: begin global (not regional) exploration and create colonies to increase their wealth and power

  17. EUROPEAN EXPLORATIONPART A:PORTUGAL

  18. Portugal was the early leader in the Age of Exploration

  19. In Portugal, Prince Henry the Navigator started a school of navigation to train sailors He brought in Europe’s best map-makers, ship-builders, and sailing instructors He wanted to discover new territories, find a quick trade route to Asia and expand Portugal’s power

  20. Prince Henry’s navigation school and willingness to fund voyages led the Portuguese to be the FIRST to explore the west coast of Africa

  21. Vasco da Gamawas the first explorer to find a direct trade route to Asia by going around Africa to get to India

  22. Portugal gained a sea route to Asia that brought them great wealth

  23. During the Age of Exploration, Portugal created colonies along the African coast, in Brazil, and the Spice Islands in Asia

  24. EUROPEAN EXPLORATIONPART B:SPAIN

  25. The Spanish government saw Portugal’s wealth and did not want to be left out

  26. More than any other European monarchs, Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain sponsored and supported overseas expeditions

  27. Like most educated men of the Renaissance, Christopher Columbus knew the world was round and thought he could reach Asia by sailing west

  28. Columbus reached the Bahamas in America, but thought that he had reached islands off the coast of India

  29. He would make four more trips to the New World, increasing Spain’s control

  30. Despite the fact that Columbus never found Asia, Ferdinand Magellan still thought he could reach Asia by sailing West

  31. Magellan became the first explorer to circumnavigate the Earth (go all the way around)

  32. During the Age of Exploration, Spain created colonies in North and South America

  33. Spain sent explorers called conquistadors to the New World to find gold, claim land, and spread Christianity

  34. Hernan Cortez conquered the Aztecs

  35. Francisco Pizarro conquered the Incas

  36. The influx of gold from America made Spain the most powerful country in Europe during the early years of the Age of Exploration

  37. EUROPEAN EXPLORATIONPART C:ENGLAND, FRANCE, and THE NETHERLANDS

  38. England, France, and the Netherlands became involved in overseas exploration and colonization as well

  39. England, France, and the Netherlands became involved in overseas exploration and colonization as well

  40. The French explorer Samuel de Champlain searched Canada for a northwest passage to Asia

  41. After failing to do so, Champlain founded the French colony of Quebec

  42. The French would soon carve out a large colony along the Mississippi River from Canada to New Orleans

  43. Unlike other European nations whose kings paid for colonies, the English colonies were paid for by citizens who formed joint-stock companies

  44. English colonies formed along the Atlantic Coast of North America by colonists motivated either by religion or wealth

  45. The English explorer James Cook was the first European to make contact with Australia, New Zealand, and Hawaii

  46. The Dutch had colonies in America and Africa, but the Dutch East India Company dominated trade in Asia Like England, the Netherlands (the Dutch) allowed private companies to fund exploration

  47. IN CONCLUSION… As a result of the Age of Exploration, European knowledge of and influence over the world increased greatly

  48. NEXT…The Impact of the Age of Exploration

  49. Revamped by Christopher Jaskowiak Thanks to Brooks Baggett for the original slides

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