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21 st Annual Conference. Living with Lead: Environmental Management of Active Small Arms Ranges. Harley O’Hagan, NZ Defence Force Penny Kneebone, Tonkin & Taylor Ltd. Overview. New Zealand Defence Force (Army, Navy, Air Force) Joint Logistics & Support Organisation (JLSO)
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Living with Lead:Environmental Management of Active Small Arms Ranges Harley O’Hagan, NZ Defence Force Penny Kneebone, Tonkin & Taylor Ltd
Overview • New Zealand Defence Force (Army, Navy, Air Force) • Joint Logistics & Support Organisation (JLSO) • Property Group • Environmental Services (8 civilian staff) • NZDF’s issues • 87,000ha estate • Sustainable land management • Services for Camps/Bases (water, waste, heat, etc) • Statutory planning • Consents & compliance • Environmental education • Contaminated sites
Small arms ranges • Hand held firearms • Lead,copper, zinc, nickel, antimony • Ongoing source of contamination
Contamination at Ranges • Typical metal concentrations in stop butt sand (mg/kg)
NZDF’s small arms ranges • 29 ranges • Coastal to central plateau • Various types, environmental settings
Approach to management • Range similarities: overarching guideline • Differences: individual, site-specific plans
Guideline document • Review international best practice • Overview environmental issues and management practices • Risk • Containment
Containment • Stop butts • Operational controls
Erosion control • Maintaining stable slopes • Minimising divots • Vegetated riparian buffer strips • Particle size distribution
Stormwater and drainage • Cut off drains • Sedimentation basins
Source control • Screening for safety • Small particles prone to leaching and transport • Best to contain source, rather than treat it • On-site disposal in engineered cells
Site specific plans • Practical, user friendly, easy to read, minimise paperwork • Non-scientific language • Photographs and pictures • Clear, prescriptive instructions • Use existing maintenance systems • Consultation with users
Home Valley Range upgrade • Waiouru Stream • Safety concerns • Frost heave • High intensity use
Solutions implemented • Stop butts for containment • Free draining • Stormwater diversion • Collecting under-drainage • Capped stockpile • Culverting
Conclusions • Ongoing source of metals contamination • Proactive approach - internal management Guidelines • Stakeholder consultation • Integrate with existing maintenance • Contain contamination, minimise amount of material generated • Environmentally sustainable design simplifies effective management of contamination