1 / 11

Classification and Biodiversity

Classification and Biodiversity . Lesson 2. Principals of Taxonomy continued. . Baleen Whales. Which species is the sperm whales most closely related to? What is the general term given to the species that preceded the Narwhal and the Porpoise?

catori
Download Presentation

Classification and Biodiversity

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Classification and Biodiversity Lesson 2. Principals of Taxonomy continued.

  2. Baleen Whales • Which species is the sperm whales most closely related to? • What is the general term given to the species that preceded the Narwhal and the Porpoise? • What kinds of evidence do you think scientists have based this phylogenetic tree on?

  3. Evidence for Phylogenetic Trees • Structural similarities. E.g. toothed vs beaked vs baleen. • Similarities in DNA. • Similarities in proteins • Antibody-Antigen studies How? = Today’s lesson

  4. Similarities in Proteins. • Look for similarities in 1o structure. • Tend to do this for a single protein across the species e.g. haemoglobin. • Not the most conclusive form of evidence...why? • Only looking at one protein-there are 10’s of thousands in the body. • Just because the protein is different does not mean it is a different species. E.g. eye colour protein-Is someone with blue eyes a different species to someone with brown eyes?

  5. Similarities in DNA. • You could just look at the sequence-are the bases sequences the same. Again this tends to happen with only one section of the genome. Or • DNA hybridisation

  6. DNA Hybridisation Quantitative measure-What temperature is needed to break these bonds again? The fewer mispairings, the more H-bonds, the higher the temperature needed.

  7. Similarities between DNA sequences between 4 species. Use this data to construct a phylogenetic tree for these 4 species. You can assume that they all came from a single common ancestor. Differences in the primary structure of haemoglobin between 4 species of animals.

  8. Other methods???. • Both protein analysis and DNA hybridisation have their pitfalls. • Using Immunology. Example-Are Rabbits more closely related to chimpanzees or Elephants? Scientists can use a protein called albumin to tell. How? Answers on a whiteboard.

  9. Immunology and Classification Rabbit injected with pure human albumin. Rabbit produces antibodies against human albumin Human albumin Anti-human antibodies collected and purified. Elephant albumin Produces very dense prcipitate Produces less dense precipitate

  10. Back to the 3 animal species… Is this data consistent with the phylogenetic tree you drew up earlier?

  11. To finish… • June 09 Question 6 • Jan 10 Question 2

More Related