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Energy for the 21th Century “Sustainable sources in a virtual power plant environment”

Energy for the 21th Century “Sustainable sources in a virtual power plant environment” Dr. Michiel Jak Managing Senior Consultant Skill Center Sustainability&Hydrogen Altran Technologies Netherlands BV. Global warming is reaching the point of no return.

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Energy for the 21th Century “Sustainable sources in a virtual power plant environment”

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  1. Energy for the 21th Century “Sustainable sources in a virtual power plant environment” Dr. Michiel Jak Managing Senior Consultant Skill Center Sustainability&Hydrogen Altran Technologies Netherlands BV

  2. Global warming is reaching the point of no return • The danger point will be reached when temperatures rise by two degrees celsius above the average world temperature prevailing in 1750, before the industrial revolution. • The concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere after which the two degree rise will become inevitable is 400 ppm of CO2. • In 10 years or less the catastrophic point-of-no-return may be reached (24/01/05: Meeting The Climate Challenge)

  3. Energy for the 21th Century “Sustainable sources in a virtual power plant environment” Dr. Michiel Jak Managing Senior Consultant Skill Center Sustainability&Hydrogen Altran Technologies Netherlands BV

  4. Current or short-term issues on global scale: There is a severe environmental issue There is an increasing energy demand There is an old-fashioned energy infrastructure There is an unstable primary energy market There is a mid to long term shortage of primary energy Possible solutions comprise (combinations of): Increase over-all efficiency energy supply Reduction of energy consumption Increase share renewables Radically improve grid architecture Cost reduction Outline

  5. Global transmission&distribution losses account for 11,6% of the total power supply. This equals: the total electricity consumption of Germany+France+Spain+UK or the total energy consumption of the global transportation sector T&D costs are 30% of the kWh price T&D congestion results in power failure (USA, Italy 2003) Central power plants do not use the generated heat and thus waste about 70% of fuel energy Central power plants are vulnerable to forces of nature and terrorist attacks 93% of the world’s power production is centrally produced (NL 60%) Traditional power infrastructure is expensive Up to 50% CO2 reduction using DG Next generation power production: decentralized generation including renewables and CHP Traditional Infrastructure Facts:

  6. DG Economics I: Assets fully utilized a few hours per year

  7. DG Economics II:

  8. The Issue with Renewables: surplus balance shortage time Liberalization of the electricity market and increased “greenness” of the electricity generation affect the power quality and security of supply.

  9. Financial aspect grid failure: Industry Average Cost Downtime Cellular Communications $ 41,000/hour Telephone Ticket Sales $ 72,000/hour Airline Reservations $ 90,000/hour Credit Card Operations $ 2,580,000/hour Brokerage Operations $ 6,480,000/hour Reliability and Distributed Generation ADL White Paper, 2000

  10. Electrochemical Battery Supercaps Regenerative fuel cell Windside Ltd. storage use Unpredictable: PV Wind Wave Predictable: Tidal Biomass Clean Fossil Hydrogen production using electrolysis or reforming Storage: Compression Liquefaction Metalhydrides Carbons Hydrogen conversion: Fuel cell Gas turbine ICE Ocean Power Delivery Ltd. Marine Current Turbines Ltd. Discontinuity renewables: production

  11. Sustainable hydrogen: • Non-sustainable hydrogen can be made using: • nuclear energy • reforming fossil fuels • electrolysis using “grey electricity”

  12. Renewable Energy World, Dec 2002 Virtual Power Plant

  13. The Virtual Power Plant is technology neutral and can be used with all types of generation and storage assets Used in a variety of applications: distributed generation, village power, cogeneration, peak shaving, base-load, and more Fast response to consumption fluctuations in comparison with central power plant Integration decentralized power production Optimal locations can be selected Facilitating for hydrogen-based technologies Efficiency increase using “Cascading” Virtual Power Plant

  14. DG infrastructure

  15. sustainable transport MCT µ-CHP VAWT fly wheel hydrogen PV grid gas turbine biomass natural gas district heating solar-therm storage Sustainable Island I:

  16. Predictable biomass VPP + conventional Including long-term buffering Production renewable sources Production renewable sources Including short-term buffering Sustainable Island II: Combination of (un)predictable sources, storage and conventional power units/VPP

  17. Conclusion: Electrical infrastructure becomes digital! • Reliable, “Self healing” grid • Efficient, affordable, sustainable and flexible

  18. SKILL CENTER SUSTAINABILITY & HYDROGEN Contact Michiel Jak Skill Center Sustainability & Hydrogen Altran Technologies Netherlands BV De Fruittuinen 30 2132 NZ Hoofddorp +31-23-5694090 (tel) JAK@altran-tech.nl

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