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Introduction to Biofuels and Bioenergy

Introduction to Biofuels and Bioenergy. Why Biofuels and Bioenergy Executive Order S-06-06 Biofuel/Bioenergy Production and Use Executive Order S-01-07 Low-Carbon Fuel Standard Strategic Directive 9.2 Encourage development of alternative energy and bio-fuels Strategic Directive 9.3

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Introduction to Biofuels and Bioenergy

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  1. Introduction to Biofuels and Bioenergy Why Biofuels and Bioenergy • Executive Order S-06-06 Biofuel/Bioenergy Production and Use • Executive Order S-01-07 Low-Carbon Fuel Standard • Strategic Directive 9.2 Encourage development of alternative energy and bio-fuels • Strategic Directive 9.3 Play an active role in Bioenergy Interagency Working Group • Climate Change Implications

  2. What Are Biofuels Biofuels Renewable fuels produced from biomass resources to make liquid or gas fuel • Ethanol • Biodiesel • Compressed or Liquid Natural Gas • Hydrogen • Dimethyl Ether (diesel-like fuel • Biobutanol

  3. Feedstock for Biofuels and Bioenergy • Forest and Agricultural Biomass • Urban Biomass • Biomass fraction of MSW • Landfill Gas

  4. Biomass Resources in California • Gross resources are 80 billion bone dry tons annually • Three principal resources are agriculture, forestry, and waste • Forestry in northern and central mountains • Agriculture in Central Valley • Waste in Los Angeles and San Francisco Bay Area Source: California Biomass Collaborative

  5. Waste Characterization in California • 42 million tons disposed in 2005 • 23 million tons biological in origin • 5.7 million tons plastic and textiles

  6. Post-MRF Residuals • Targeted Feedstock • Single-Stream - 496,000 Tons • Multi-Stream - 35,931 Tons • Mixed Waste - 6.7 Million Tons • Construction and Demolition - 161,736 Tons

  7. Available Residuals – Single Stream (496,000 Tons)

  8. Available Residuals – Multi Stream (35,931 Tons)

  9. Available Residuals – Mixed Waste (6.7 Million Tons)

  10. Available Residuals – C&D (161,736 Tons)

  11. Biofuels/Bioenergy Production Thermochemical Processes • Pyrolysis • Very little air/oxygen added or none at all • 750o F to 1500o F • Gasification • Some air/oxygen used but less than for incineration • Begins at 1300o F

  12. Biofuels/Bioenergy Production Biochemical Processes • Anaerobic Digestion • Bacteria breaks down feedstock • No oxygen • Fermentation • Also anaerobic process • Microbes used to produce ethanol

  13. Major Technology Types and Status

  14. Operating Facilities Biochemical • Predominantly anaerobic digestion in Europe • Installed capacity in 2000 = 1.1 million TPY • Installed capacity in 2004 = 2.8 million TPY • 250% increase!!! Thermal • Gasification and Waste-to-Energy in Japan

  15. AD Capacity in Europe Solid Waste Anaerobic Digester Capacity in Europe

  16. AD Facilities • Kompogas (Switzerland) • Arrow Bio (Israel) • DRANCO (Belgium) • Valorga (France) • BTA (Germany) • Biopercolat (Germany) • CiTec (Finland) • Linde-KCA (Germany)

  17. Hydrolysis/Fermentation Facilities • BlueFire Ethanol • Masada Oxynol • Genahol/Waste-to-Energy • BRI

  18. DOE cellulosic biorefinery commercialization awards • Abengoa Bioenergy – Kansas • Alico(BRI technology) - Florida • BlueFire - California • Broin – South Dakota • Iogen - Idaho • Range Fuels - Georgia

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