Understanding Viruses and Bacteria in Biology

1. Chapter 2 Viruses and Bacteria Section 1 Viruses

2. Section 1: Viruses- Objectives By the end of this lesson, you should be able to: • Give reasons why viruses are considered to be non-living • Describe the basic structure of a virus; • Explain how viruses multiply

3. 1. virusA small, nonliving particle that invades and then reproduces inside a living cell.

4. 2. hostAn organism that provides a source of energy or a suitable environment for a virus or for another organism to live.

5. 3. parasiteAn organism that lives on or in a host and causes harm to the host.

6. 4. bacteriophageA virus that infects bacteria.

7. 1. Biologists consider viruses to be non-living because viruses are not _____________. Viruses do not use _____________ to __________ or to _____________ to their surroundings. cells grow energy respond

8. 2. Viruses can only multiply when they are ___________________. Inside a living cell

9. 3. List four ways viruses can be named • 1) • 2) • 3) • 4) After the disease it causes. Ex. Polio virus After the organism they infect. Ex- Tomato mosiac virus After the place where it was first found. Ex. Ebola virus in Africa After people. Ex, Epstein-Barr virus. Named after scientists identified virus that causes mononucleosis

10. 4. All viruses have two basic parts: the ___________________that _______________the virus, and the _______________ that is made of ________________. outer coat protects inner coat genetic material

11. 5. Once inside, a virus’s _____________________ takes over the cell’s ________________. Genetic material functions

12. Common cold • 6. _________________ is an example of an active virus, while_____________________ is an example of a hidden virus. • Read pages 51-53. How Viruses Multiply/Exploring. The virus that causes cold sores

13. Chapter 2 Viruses and Bacteria Section 2 Bacteria

14. Section 2: Bacteria- Objectives By the end of this lesson, you should be able to: • Describe ways in which bacteria cells are different from all other organisms’ cells • List positive roles that bacteria play in people’s lives • Name the two kingdoms of bacteria and tell how bacteria reproduce and survive.

15. Review- cytoplasmThe region of a cell located inside the cell membrane (in prokaryotes) or between the cell membrane and nucleus (in eukaryotes); contains a gel-like material and cell organelles.

16. Review-ribosomeA tiny structure located in the cytoplasm of a cell where proteins are made.

17. 1. flagellumA long, whiplike structure that extends out through the cell membrane and cell wall.

18. 2. binary fissionA form of asexual reproduction in which one cell divides to form two identical cells.

19. 3. asexual reproductionThe reproductive process that involves only one parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parent.

20. 4. sexual reproductionThe reproductive process that involves two parents who combine their genetic material to produce a new organism, which differs from both parents.

21. 5. conjugationThe process in which a unicellular organism transfers some of its genetic material to another unicellular organism.

22. 6. respirationThe process of breaking down food to release its energy.

23. 7. endosporeA small, rounded, thick-walled, resting cell that forms inside a bacterial cell.

24. 8. decomposerAn organism that breaks down large chemicals from dead organisms into small chemicals and returns important materials to the soil and water.

25. Notes Bacteria • 1. ______________________ are_____________________. The genetic material in their cells is not contained in the _________________. prokaryotes nucleus

26. 2. List the three basic shapes of bacteria and draw each one. • First shape- spherical

27. 2. List the three basic shapes of bacteria and draw each one. • Second shape- Rod like

28. 2. List the three basic shapes of bacteria and draw each one. • Third shape- spiral

29. Cell wall • 3. List the cell structures present in a bacterial cell • 1. • 2. • 3. • 4. • 5. • 6. ribosome Cell membrane Flagellum Genetic material Cytoplasm

30. 4. Under ideal conditions, Bacteria can reproduce once every __________ minutes. 20

31. Fuel. Ex. Methane produced by archaebacteria • 5. List five good things bacteria do in our world. • 1. • 2. • 3. • 4. • 5. Food. Ex. Cheese, yogurt, apple cider Environmental Recycling. Ex. Decomposers. Environmental Clean up – bacteria to clean up oil spills. Health and Medicine – bacteria that helps you digest your food

32. Chapter 2 Viruses and Bacteria Section 3 Integrating Health: Viruses, Bacteria, and Your Health

33. Section 3: Viruses, Bacteria, and Your Health- Objectives By the end of this lesson, you should be able to: • Describe how infectious diseases spread from person to person. • Describe some ways in which infectious diseases can be treated or prevented.

34. 1. infectious diseaseAn illness that can pass from one organism to another.

35. 2. toxinA poison that can harm an organism.

36. 3. antibioticA chemical that can kill bacteria without harming a person’s cells

37. 4. vaccineA substance that stimulates the body to produce chemicals that destroy viruses, bacteria, or other disease-causing organisms.

38. Notes (read pg 69-70 first) • 1. Explain the 4 ways infectious diseases spread, and give an example of each. • 1. • 2. • 3. • 4 Contact with Infected Person-touching, hugging, kissing, sneezes, coughs Contact with Contaminated Object-eating utensils, food water, cups Contact with an Animal-rabies, mosquitoes Contact with Environmental Sources-food, water, soil

39. Change your number 2 to the following: • 2. For most infectious diseases, the best treatment is: • ____________________ • ____________________ • ____________________ • ____________________ Bed rest resting drinking lots of fluids eating well balanced meals

40. 3. ___________________________ can be cured with ___________________, while with ____________________________ you can only treat the __________________. Bacterial diseases antibiotics Viral diseases symptoms

41. Penicillin (an antibiotic) • 4. ___________________________ works by weakening the ___________________________ and causing the __________________ to ______________________. Cell wall cells burst

42. 5. The best way to protect yourself against infectious diseases is to: • A.________________________ • B.________________________ • C.________________________ • D.________________________ Keep your body healthy Eat nutritious foods Get plenty of rest, fluids, and exercise Washing hands, not sharing utensils, etc.