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Lunar Ranging Group LUNAR Team

Explore the use of Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR) technology for gravitational physics research. Discuss relevant topics and recent developments in LLR research.

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Lunar Ranging Group LUNAR Team

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  1. Lunar Ranging GroupLUNAR Team Gravitational Physics Lunar Physics Lunar Laser Ranging 12 April 2011 Pasadena, California

  2. Overall Schedule • University of Califonia, San Diego • Tom Murphy • Via Telephone • Goddard Space Flight Centrer • Stephen Merkowitz / Alix Preston • Via Telephone • University of Maryland, College Park • Doug Currie

  3. Decadal Survey Submissions • Astronomy and AstroPhysics Decadal Survey • Gravitational and Particle Physics Panel Report • Many Excellent Comments on the Value of LLR • Planetary Sciences Decadal Survey • Lunar Geophysical Network • Recommended for New Frontier Mission • Would Place Four Retroreflectors on the Moon

  4. murphy

  5. gsfc

  6. Topics UMd • Talks • Decadal • Computer Simulations • Result • Review Deployment & Roles • GLXP • Candidates • Functions • Deployment • Lander • Surface • Drilling • Lifetime • Murphy • Sun Shade • Dust Bombardment • Future Talks & Activities • Dust • ILRS • Status and Suggestions • Ground Stations • Tests at Frascati • NLSI • Talk • Demonstration

  7. Conference Proceedings • Currie, D. G., , the LLRRA-21/LSSO Team & the MoonLIGHT/INFN-LNF Team 2010, “A Lunar Laser Ranging RetroReflector Array for the 21st Century” 40th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, The Woodlands, TX 1 • Currie, D. G., Zacny, K., 2010 Regolith Drilling for the Lunar Laser Ranging Retroreflector Array for the 21st Century, LUNAR Workshop, Cambridge MA • Currie, D. G., Zacny, K., the LLRRA-21/LSSO Team & the MoonLIGHT/INFN-LNF Team 2010 ”A Lunar Laser Ranging RetroReflector Array for the 21st Century” Lunar Exploration Analysis Group Washington DC. • Dell'Agnello, S., DelleMonache, G. O., Currie, D. G., et. All, G., & McElfresh D. “The Moon as a test body for General Relativity and new gravitational theories” presented at the conference European Planetary Science Congress 2010 (ESPC2010) at the Angelicum Centre – Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, Rome, Italy. • Dell’Agnello, S. , Currie, D. G. , DelleMonacheG. O. , et al Cantone, C. Garattini, M. Martini, M. Intaglietta, N. Lops C. , March, R , Tauraso, R, Bellettini G. , Maiello, M , Berardi, S. , Porcelli, L.; "Next Generation Lunar Laser Ranging and its GNSS Applications"; IEEE Aerospace Conference, Big Sky (MT), • Peron, R.; Bellettini, G.; Berardi, S.; Boni, A.; Cantone, C.; Coradini, A.; Currie, D. G.; Dell'Agnello, S.; DelleMonache, G. O.; , et al. “Advanced instrumentation for Solar System gravitational physics” EGU General Assembly 2010, held 2-7 May, 2010 in Vienna, Austria, • Currie, D. G., DelleMonache & G. O. Dell’Agnello, S. 2010 “A Lunar Laser Retroreflector for the FOR the 21ST Century (LLRRA-21): Selenodesy, Science and Status” 2010 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting San Francisco, CA • Currie, D. G., Dell’Agnello, S. & DelleMonache, G. O. 2011 “LUNAR LASER RANGING: FLIGHT HARDWARE SIMULATION, TESTING AND STATUS”. Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, The Woodlands, TX ,

  8. Talks, Colloquia and Public Presentations • Talks at Scientific Conferences • Currie, D. G., & the LLRRA-21 Teams 2011 “A LUNAR LASER RANGING RETRO-REFLECTOR ARRAY for the 21st CENTURY” 2nd Lunar Laser Ranging Workshop, International Space Sciences Institute, Bern Switzerland • Currie, D. G., & The LLRRA-21 Teams 2010 “A LUNAR LASER RANGING RETRO-REFLECTOR ARRAY for the 21st CENTURY” LUNAR Workshop Boulder CO • Currie, D. G., Dell’Agnello, S. & DelleMonache, G. O. 2010 A Lunar Laser Ranging Retroreflector Array for the 21st Century ISOT 2010 International Symposium on Optomechatronic Technologies, Toronto, Canada • Currie, D. G., & the LLRRA-21 Teams 2011 “A LUNAR LASER RANGING RETRO-REFLECTOR ARRAY for the 21st CENTURY” 2nd Lunar Laser Ranging Workshop, International Space Sciences Institute, Bern Switzerland • Dell’Agnello, S.; Currie, D. G.; DelleMonache, G. O.; Lops, C.; M. Martini 2010 “LLRRA21/MoonLIGHT: a 2nd Generation Lunar Laser Ranging Array for Precision Gravity Tests and Lunar Science Measurements” at the Conference Global Lunar Conference – Beijing, China. • Ddd 31 May-3 June 2010 talk • Colloquia and Public Presentations • Currie, D. G. 2011 2nd NLSI Commerce Virtual Lecture A Lunar Laser Ranging Retroreflector for the 21st Century

  9. Computer Simulations • Problems • Commercial Software Issues • Computer Failures • 300 Million Beer’s Law Calculations for Each • Computer simulation Objectives • End to End Simulation • Technical Objectives • Selection of Thermal Coatings • Effects of Shorter Sun Shade • GLXP Candidates for Size / Angular Tolerances • Eclipse Effects • For LLRRA-21, not Apollo

  10. Computer Simulations500 Time Steps Over a Lunation • HeatLoad3D • IDL – University of Maryland • Evaluates Solar Heat Loads in CCR at ~ a Million Nodes • Thermal Desktop • Commercial - Cullimorgan and Ring Technologies • Combine CCR Heat Loads with Solar Inputs to Temperature at 1733 Nodes • TempToPhase • IDL – University of Maryland • Converts Temperatures from thermal Desktop into Phase Errors • Code V • Commercial - • Combines Thermal Phase Errors with TIR Phases and Effect of Offset Angles • Analysis • IDL – University of Maryland • Converts Far Field Diffraction Patterns into Useful Operational Results

  11. Frascati Testing • Thermal Vacuum Tests • Optical Table for Far Field Diffraction Pattern • InfraRed Camera for Temperature Meaurements • Optical Simulator for “Sun” • Thermal Sensors on CCR • Images of Chamber and CCR Face

  12. Different Deployment VersionsSingle Shot Range Accuracy • Current Single Shot Accuracy is ~20 mm • If Mounted on Lander • Thermal Expansion of Lander • Heat Flux from Lander • Single Shot Accuracy of 1-3 millimeters • If a Surface Deployment • Thermal Expansion of Regolith • Heat Flux from Lander • Sub-Millimeter Single Shot Accuracy • If an Anchored Deployment • Anchored at ~1 meter depth • Better than 100 micron Single Shot Accuracy

  13. Google Lunar X Prize • Prize by Google Corporation for 30 M$ • Only Private Money for GLXP Objectives • Can Be Government Money • For Other Objectives – Like LLRRA-21 • Currently Working with: • Lunar Express, Hai Li • Astrobotics David Gump • Moon Express Bob Richards • NextGreatLeap Michael Joyce • Penn State University Miles Smith • FREDNET Sean Casey • Multiple Missions that May Be Successful • Achieve an Array of Retroreflectors

  14. Deployment Lander

  15. Surface Deployment

  16. Anchored DeploymentAstrobotics & Honeybee

  17. Lifetime of LLRRA-21 • Degradation of Laser Returns • Tom Murphy and APOLLO Station • Factor of 9.6 over 40 years • Amelioration of Problem • Sun Shade • Blocks Dust Deposition • Block Micrometeorite Bombardment • But What is the Real Reason for Degradation? • For Micrometeorite Bombardment • Test at Horanyi’s Dust Accelerator

  18. Signal Level for One LLRRA-21 • Briefly • LLRRA-21 Signal ~ Equal to Apollo 15 Array • Therefore Can Works with Sub-Meter Telescopes • Will Need to Upgrade of Laser, Timing Electronics • McDonald at 0.67 meter Currently successfully Ranges to A15 • Long Life - Dust Issues Handled with SunShade • More Precisely – IsoThermal • Station Angle LLRRA-21 Signal Return • Latitude Offsets w.r.t. A15 • 45 Yes 78% • 45 No 58% • 00 Yes 88% • 00 No 71%

  19. Future Objectives • Schedule: >> Driven by the Google Lunar X Prize Launch • April/December 2013 i.e., Astrobotics • Need to Finalize the Design • Need to Attain Sufficient TRL to Obtain Funding i.e., T/V/O Test • Need to Fabricate/Test/Integrate Flight Hardware • Simulations to Optimize Thermal Coatings • To Control Thermal Gradients and thus Signal • Optimize within Limits of Pracitical Coatings • Different Choices for Different GLXP Missions • Interactions with GLXP Teams • Each has Different Physical & Organizational Structures • Therefore Each Requires Somewhat Different Thermal Design • Each Requires Different Emplacement Procedures

  20. Future Talks & Activities • Evaluate Dust Bombardment • MihalyHoranyi – Dust Accelerator - Early May • International Laser Ranging Service Meeting – Late May • Present Status of LLRRA-21 to Actual Ranging Groups • Collect Suggestions from Operators • Present What is Needed for Ground Stations for LLRRA-21 • Thermal/Vacuum/Optical Tests at Frascati • Early June – TRL 6.5 -> TRL 7.0 • NASA Lunar Science Institute – Mid July • Talk on LLRRA-21 Hardware and GLXP Mission Status • Report on Honeybee Grant on Pneumatic Drill for LLRRA-21 • Demonstration of Pneumatic Drilling • Probably Mounted on Astrobotic Lander

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