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RECAP. Video Time: Experiments and Researches. PRESENTATION OF OUTPUT: Application (Group Work):. Title ( 5 pts) Statement of the Problem (20 pts) Hypothesis (5 pts) Scope and Limitation (10 pts) Significance of the Study (10 pts) ( powerpoint presentation).

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  1. RECAP Video Time: Experiments and Researches

  2. PRESENTATION OF OUTPUT: Application (Group Work): • Title (5 pts) • Statement of the Problem (20 pts) • Hypothesis (5 pts) • Scope and Limitation (10 pts) • Significance of the Study (10 pts) • (powerpoint presentation)

  3. Lesson 5, Objectives : The learner • reviews the CMS format in parenthetical citation and citing references • 2. selects, cites and synthesizes properly related literature • 3. Presents written review of related literature (assignment)

  4. Group Activity: Discuss in your group the answer to these questions?What is the importance of a Review of Literature?What will happen if you don’t cite sources that you borrow?What are formats in making a review? How do you cite sources?

  5. Documenting Sources in Science Researches:Using CMS Format A workshop brought to you by the Purdue University Writing Lab Purdue University Writing Lab

  6. REVIEW OF LITERATURE The review of related literature or theoretical background consists of a collection of pertinent reading, published or unpublished, in local or foreign settings.

  7. Two parts: 1. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND – non-research reference materials written by authorities on the subject that embody experiences, viewpoints and interpretations of the subject of the research study. These are published materials like books, journals, magazines, pamphlets.

  8. 2. Related Studies – are from unpublished materials like theses, research reports, seminar papers, and dissertations and have bearing on the research study being undertaken.

  9. What is the purpose of the Review of Literature?

  10. PURPOSES: • It helps the researcher look for possible theories, concepts or principles to support his investigation. • It can reveal investigations similar to your own, and it can show you how the collateral researchers handled these situations. • It is essential in formulating a sound research problem or research title, hypotheses or assumptions.

  11. It can reveal to you sources of data that you may not have known existed. • It enlightens the researcher as to the direction of the study. • It proves that the study is researchable and posses novelty. • It helps to identify the statistical instruments to be used in the study. 8. It serves as a guide to writing the findings, conclusions and recommendations.

  12. Why Use Citation? • Allows readers to cross-reference your sources easily • Provides consistent format within a discipline • Gives you credibility as a writer • Protects you from plagiarism

  13. Avoiding Plagiarism • Academic honesty and integrity! • Proper citation of your sources can help you avoid plagiarism, which is a serious offense. It may result in anything from failure of the assignment to expulsion from school.

  14. You are academically dishonest if: • Someone writes your paper for you • You purchase a paper • You copy a paper from online • You fail to cite your sources • Your present someone else’s ideas as your own

  15. Academic Paper Formats MLA (Modern Language Association) - used in literature, arts management, business and the humanities APA (American Psychological Association) - used in social sciences, such as psychology and education and natural sciences CMS (Chicago Manual Style) -The Chicago Manual of Style, also often called “TurabianStyle”. Used in Social sciences and natural & physical sciences, but most commonly in the humanities—literature, history, and the arts.

  16. The Chicago Manual of Style, also often called “Turabian Style” • Chicago Style established in 1906 • Turabian created in 1937 when Kate L. Turabian assembled a guideline for students at the University of Chicago • Style provides guidelines for publication in some of the social sciences and natural & physical sciences, but most commonly in the humanities—literature, history, and the arts • Style lends consistency and makes texts more readable by those who assess or publish them

  17. Citation Locations Sources used to write a paper are acknowledged in two different places within the paper: • As in-text citations within the text of the paper • In the Works Cited page at the end of the paper .

  18. When Should You Use Parenthetical Citations? • When quoting any words that are not your own • Quoting means to repeat another source word for word, using quotation marks Purdue University Writing Lab

  19. When Should You Use Parenthetical Citations? • When summarizing facts and ideas from a source • Summarizing means to take ideas from a large passage of another source and condense them, using your own words • When paraphrasing a source • Paraphrasing means to use the ideas from another source but change the phrasing into your own words Purdue University Writing Lab

  20. Keys to Parenthetical Citations Readability • Keep references brief • Give only information needed to identify the source on your reference page • Do not repeat unnecessary information Purdue University Writing Lab

  21. Choosing Text to Integrate • Read the entire text, noting the key points and main ideas. • Summarize in your own words what the single main idea of the essay is. • Paraphrase important supporting points that come up in the essay. • Consider any words, phrases, or brief passages that you believe should be quoted directly.

  22. Summarizing • When yousummarize, you put the main idea(s) into your own words, including only the main point(s). • Summarized ideas must be attributed to the original source. • Summaries are significantly shorter than the original. • Summaries take a broad overview of source material.

  23. Paraphrasing • Paraphrasing involves putting a passage from source material into your own words. • Attribute paraphrases to their original sources. • Paraphrases are usually shorter than, but may be the same length as, the original passage. • Paraphrases take a more focused segment of the source and condense it slightly. • Paraphrase is using synonyms and related terms to explain

  24. Quoting • Quotations must be identical to the original. • Quotations use a narrow segment of the source. • They must match the source document word for word and must be attributed to the original author. • Use quotes when the actual words are so integral to the discussion that they cannot be replaced. • Use quotes when the author’s words are so precisely and accurately stated that they cannot be paraphrased. • Use open and close quotations

  25. Comparing In-Text Citations • In-text citations are used when you need to give credit to an author for using a quote (exact wording), paraphrasing (rewording), or discussing his/her ideas. Example: (Mathis and Jones, 2009, pg. 74) • All in-text citations for MLA, APA, CMS must reference the author’s name. • Reference to the page number or publication year depends on the situation and citation style. • When using APA, always give the year of publication. • When quoting, always give the page number in MLA & APA. • When paraphrasing or simply referencing, no page number is needed for either style. • CMS General Form: (Author Last Name Year of Publication, Page #)

  26. Example: “The study provided no significant findings regarding the relationship of Math and Science skills in research study.” Source: Johnson, Thomas and Arlene Maiden. Studies in College. New York: McGraw- Hill. 2003. Print. (p 34) Paraphrase MLA: As stated by Johnson and Maiden, the research showed that there was… APA: As stated in Johnson & Maiden (2003), the research showed that… CMS: As stated by Johnson and Maiden, the research showed that there was… Quote (In text) MLA: As Johnson and Maiden explained, their “study…classes” (34). APA: As Johnson & Maiden (2003) explained, their “study…classes” (p. 34). CMS: As Johnson and Maiden explained, their “study…classes” 34. Quote (no incorporation in text) MLA: “…in research classes” (Johnson and Maiden 34). APA: “…in research classes” (Johnson & Maiden, 2003, p. 34). CMS: “…in research study” (Johnson & Maiden 2003, 34).

  27. Example: “The study provided significant findings in the use of Philippine herbal plants to cure malaria.” Source: dela Cruz, Artemio. Herbal Remedies of Philippine Flora. Quezon City: C & E Publishing. 2017. Print. (p 88) Paraphrase As stated by dela Cruz, the research showed that malaria can be cured significantly through the use of herbal plants in the Philippines. Quote (In text) As dela Cruz explained that “The study provided significant findings in the use of Philippine herbal plants to cure malaria” 88. Quote (no incorporation in text) “The study provided significant findings in the use of Philippine herbal plants to cure malaria” (dela Cruz 2017, 88).

  28. Parenthetical Citations Multiple Authors • 2 authors – cite both names separated by & Example: (Rubin & Roessler 2002, 127) • 3-5 authors – cite major author’s first time; after first time, use et al. Example: (Chan et al., 20) • 6 or more authors – cite first author’s name and et al.Example: (Rosenthal et al.1992, 23)

  29. Comparing References • At the end of each research paper, a section must be devoted to listing the information for each resource that you used in the paper. This includes all resources that you quoted, paraphrased, or mentioned. • If you have done your citing correctly, you should have mentioned each reference work at least once in your paper and each cited resource should have a reference citation.

  30. Example 2: “The vast supply of running water in streams and rivers can be converted into a potential energy and can be can be harnessed to produce electrical supply to light up millions of houses in the community of Batangas.” Source: Senining, Pedro. Hydroelectric Powered Panel Experiment. Thesis (Published article for Electrical Engineering Journal), 2016, p.31-56. (web) Paraphrase As stated by Senining, the electrical supply used to light up millions of houses in the community of Batangas can be harnessed through the utilization and conversion of the waters in streams and rivers into potential energy. . Quote (In text) As Senining reported that “The vast supply of running water in streams and rivers can be converted into a potential energy and can be can be harnessed to produce electrical supply to light up millions of houses in the community of Batangas” 31-56. Quote (no incorporation in text) APA: “The vast supply of running water in streams and rivers can be converted into a potential energy and can be can be harnessed to produce electrical supply to light up millions of houses in the community of Batangas” (Senining 2016, 31-56).

  31. Application Source: Tumulak, Epifania (2016). Flood Control: Drainage System Prototype. Unpublished Thesis. University of the Philipines, Diliman. P.100-105. “The drainage system prototype is built with automated sensor that physically sense water from flooding at around 1000cc/m2 and send signals to adaptive monitor to switch the automated device that allows the stem container to catch the water and drain them to pipes leading to dam.“ Paraphrase Quote (incorporation in text) Quote (non incorporation in text)

  32. Activity: What do you remember about citing references?What are the common elements in citing references?

  33. Sources used to write a paper are acknowledged in two different places within the paper: • As in-text citations within the text of the paper • In the Works Cited page at the end of the paper .

  34. Comparing References • At the end of each research paper, a section must be devoted to listing the information for each resource that you used in the paper. This includes all resources that you quoted, paraphrased, or mentioned.

  35. CITATION Styles for Quantitative Research: • APA (REFERENCES) • MLA (BIBLIOGRAPHY) • CHICAGO MANUAL (REFERENCES)

  36. BOOKS Examples CMS: Johnson, Thomas. Studies in College: The Freshmen. New York: McGraw Hill, 2003. Template CMS: Last Name, First Name. Title of Book: Subtitle of Book. City of Publication: Publisher, Date of Publication.

  37. Books (cont.) Template CMS: Last Name, First Name. Title of Book: Subtitle of Book. City of Publication: Publisher, Date of Publication. Board Work: medium: book Author: Bryant Acar Title: Experimental Research Sub Title: Applied Research Year of Pub: 2017 City of Pub: Lapu-Lapu City, Cebu Publisher: Atom & Neuron Publishing Hub

  38. Template CMS: Last Name, First Name. Title of Book: Subtitle of Book. City of Publication: Publisher, Date of Publication. Answer: Acar, Bryant. Experimental Research: Applied Research. Lapu-Lapu City, Cebu: Atom & Neuron Publishing Hub, 2017.

  39. JOURNALS Examples CMS: Smith, Linda. “Students in Danger.” New England Journal of Student Progress 7,2 (2007): 142-154. Template CMS: Last Name, First Name. “Title of Article.” Title of Periodical volume, number (Date of Publication): page numbers.

  40. Template CMS: Last Name, First Name. “Title of Article.” Title of Periodical volume, number (Date of Publication): page numbers. Seatwork Author: Bryant Acar Volume: 4 Pages: 164-184 Title: True Experimental Design Issue: 1 Journal: Experimental Research Year: 2017

  41. Template CMS: Last Name, First Name. “Title of Article.” Title of Periodical volume, number (Date of Publication): page numbers. ANSWERS Acar, Bryant. “True Experimental Design.” Experimental Research 4,1 (2017):164-184.

  42. TemplateON-LINE SOURCES CMS: Author. “Title of Page.” Title of Website or Owner. Last modified Month day, year. URL. Examples: CMS: Department of Enrollment Management. “Fall Term Comparison.” University of Houston-Clear Lake. October 24, 2013. http://prtl.uhcl.edu/portal/page/portal/PRV/ Enrollmen.Management/.

  43. Template CMS: Author. “Title of Page.” Title of Website or Owner. Last modified Month day, year. URL. Seatwork: 1. http://www.quantiresearch.qqq. 2. Center for Research. - Author 3. Title: Action Research, sub title: Importance of AR 4. accessed: June 19, 2014. 5. Web, created: Oct. 27, 2013. 7. Vol 5 6. Sponsor: Research Web Group

  44. Template CMS: Author. “Title of Page.” Title of Website or Owner. Last modified Month day, year. URL. ANSWER Center for Research. “Action Research.” Research Web Group. October 19,2014. Retrieved from http://www.quantiresearch.qqq.

  45. Computer based citation

  46. On line citation engines: 1. BibMe 2. Citation Machine 3. Citavi 4. Citefast 5. Citelighter 6. Docear. 7. Recipes4Success 8. OttoBib. 9. RefDot 10. Zotero 11. EasyBib 12. CiteThisForMe

  47. Things to consider in writing the review of related literature1. The review is a way of making a sensible story as background of your study (intro, body, ending) recall you academic writing lesson2. The sequence of the write up should be logical and follows: 2.1 variables in the sub problems 2.2 General to specific (international-local) 2.3. The profile of the subjects/specimens for experimental should be mentioned first3. Minimum of 15 pages; double spaced; times roman4. Parenthetical citation style – paraphrasing (recommended)5. CMS referencing format6. Example

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