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Ancient Jewish Political and Religious Groups

Learn about the Sanhedrin, Sadducees, Zealots, Scribes, Pharisees, and Essenes, their beliefs, practices, and interactions with the Roman rule.

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Ancient Jewish Political and Religious Groups

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  1. Political and Religious groups

  2. The Sanhedrin • Composed of 70 Jewish leaders • Acknowledged only the books of Moses as Scripture • Members included Scribes, Pharisees and Sadducees • Given authority to offer sacrifices and instruct the people

  3. Sadducees • Accepted only the Pentateuch • Worked to retain their power with the Romans • Lived apart from society • Came from among the wealthiest Jews

  4. Zealots • Opposed Roman rule • Many came from Galilee • Jesus disciple Simon was one • Name means “separated”

  5. Scribes • Studied and taught the law to others • Created many additional rules • Faithful remnant of God’s people • Enforced the laws of the Bible and their own rules as though they had been given by God

  6. Pharisees • Followed the rules out of duty not out of love for God • Made and enforced a rigid code of laws • Were careful to obey all the laws • Opposed Roman rule

  7. Essenes • Opposed the Roman empire • Lived apart from society in communes • Community that produced the Dead Sea Scrolls • Attempted to receive a new covenant with God.

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