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Tooth Types

Tooth Types. Examine the teeth in the shark jaw. Where do the teeth grow? Compare the shark teeth to the slide of placoid scales. View the drawings of acrodont, pleurodont and thecodont teeth. How does tooth structure relate to an animals method of eating?. Modified Scales Chondrichthyes.

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Tooth Types

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  1. Tooth Types • Examine the teeth in the shark jaw. • Where do the teeth grow? • Compare the shark teeth to the slide of placoid scales. • View the drawings of acrodont, pleurodont and thecodont teeth. • How does tooth structure relate to an animals method of eating?

  2. Modified ScalesChondrichthyes 1 Placoid Scales 2 Teeth 3 Mouth

  3. AcrodontSome Osteichthyes

  4. PleurodontAmphibiansReptiles

  5. ThecodontCrocodiliansMammalsSome Osteichthyes

  6. Molar Structure • Examine the drawings of secodont and selenodont teeth and compare them to the teeth found in the dog/cat and deer skulls. • Which has secodont teeth? Selenodont? • How are secodont and selenodont teeth used?

  7. Selenodont MolarsRuminants Pink – enamel ridge

  8. Secodont MolarsCarnivores

  9. Tooth Pattern • Identify the following tooth types in the deer, dog/cat and rat jaws. • Incisors • Canines • Premolars • Molars • Which teeth are missing in the deer? Rat? Why? • How are the dog/cat premolars structured for eating meat?

  10. I Tooth PatternRodent I Incisors C Canine P Premolar M Molar

  11. Tooth PatternRuminant I Incisors C Canine P Premolar M Molar

  12. Tooth PatternCarnivore I Incisors C Canine P Premolar M Molar

  13. Skull Structure • Anapsids are ancestral to both diapsids and synapsids. • Locate the temporal openings on the skulls before you.

  14. Skull StructureAnapsid Lacks temporal opening Example: Turtles

  15. Skull StructureSynapsid Single Temporal Opening Pelycosaur Extinct mammal ancestors Modern Mammals

  16. Skull StructureDiapsid 1 2 Two Temporal Openings 1 2 Examples: Reptiles, Birds, Crocodiles

  17. Rib Cage • Compare the ribcage of the pigeon, rat and frog. • How do the differences in their ribcages relate to locomotion? • How do the differences in their ribcages relate to the way they breath?

  18. Forelimbs • Identify the following on the frog, bird and cat skeletons. • Humerus • Radius • Ulna • Carpals • Metacarpals • Phalanges • How do the structures above differ among the organisms?

  19. Circulatory System • Compare the blood flow through a two, three and four chambered heart. • Identify the chambers of each heart. • Which diagram best describes the blood flow through and amphibian larva? • Vertebrates with three chambered hearts evolved partitions in the ventricle and in a structure called the conus arteriosus to help keep oxygenated blood separate from deoxygenated blood. See drawing.

  20. Evolution of Blood CirculationFish

  21. Evolution of Blood Circulation LungfishGill-Breathing Amphibians

  22. Evolution of Blood CirculationConus Arteriosus of Frog RA LA V

  23. Evolution of Blood CirculationCrocodiliansBirdsMammals

  24. Digestive Tracts • Why does the shark lack a large intestine? • Describe structures that increase surface area in the shark and pig intestine? How are they different/same? • Why does the frog need much less surface area in its intestine compared with the shark and pig?

  25. Pig Digestive Tract

  26. Frog Digestive Tract

  27. Shark Digestive Tract

  28. Digestive Tract Key • Esophagus • Stomach • Duodenum • Intestine • Small Intestine • Large Intestine • Colon • Rectum IC Cecum IL Ileum P Pyloric Sphincter

  29. Brain Structure • Look at the figures of the brain and note the relative size of each of the labeled regions. • Which organism uses sight as its primary sense? • Which organism uses smell as its primary sense? • The mammal and the bird cerebellum are proportionally about the same size. However, the mammal’s cerebellum is more convoluted. How does this make their cerebellums different? • Look at the wet mount of vertebrate brains. • What region of the cat brain is much larger than the rest of the organisms? • What is the purpose of the enlarged region? • What is the purpose of the convolutions?

  30. Cerebellum Cerebrum Optic Tectum Olfactory Lobe Brain StructureBird Medulla

  31. Cerebellum Cerebrum Optic Tectum Olfactory Lobe Brain StructureMammal Medulla

  32. Cerebrum Cerebellum Optic Tectum Olfactory Lobe Brain StructureAmphibian Medulla

  33. Cerebrum Cerebellum Optic Tectum Olfactory Lobe Brain StructureShark Medulla

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