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Encouraging HIV Testing and Care Access for African Americans

This training session focuses on the disproportionate impact of HIV/AIDS on African Americans, discussing contributing factors, barriers to testing and care access, and strategies for improvement. Case studies and interactive exercises are used to explore solutions.

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Encouraging HIV Testing and Care Access for African Americans

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  1. Encouraging HIV Testing and Care Access for African Americans Tacoma, Washington November 15, 2007

  2. Facilitator John Garlington, Jr., MSW Harborview Medical Center, Madison Clinic David P. Lee, MSW, MPH, LICSW African Americans Reach & Teach Health Ministry Northwest AIDS Education and Training Center

  3. Participant Introductions • What is your name? • What is your profession? • What are you hoping to learn in this training?

  4. Learning Objectives • Describe the disproportionate impact of HIV/AIDS in African Americans. • Discuss contributing factors for HIV infection in African Americans. • Discuss importance of HIV testing and care access for African Americans. • Identify barriers to HIV testing and care for African Americans. • Develop strategies to encourage HIV testing and care access for African Americans.

  5. National Impact, 2004 African Americans represent 12.3% of the U.S. population and 49% of the AIDS cases. AIDS deaths declined by 40% for all populations and 12% for African Americans.

  6. National Impact, 2004 African American women represent 68% of the AIDS cases among women. Of the estimated 145 infants perinatally infected with HIV 105 (73%) were African American.

  7. Race/Ethnicity of Individuals in the U.S. With HIV Diagnosed During 2004 Source: MMWR, February 10, 2006

  8. In the State of Washington, African Americans represent 4.0% of the population and 14.3% of the HIV/AIDS cases living in 2004. Source: Washington State Department of Health, 2004

  9. HIV/AIDS Cases Living in Portland MSA, 12/31/04 Source: Oregon Department of Human Services, 2004

  10. Contributing Factors to HIV Infection in African Americans • Sexual Risk Factors • Lack of Awareness of HIV Serostatus • Substance Use • Sexually Transmitted Infections • Denial • Socioeconomic Conditions • Concurrent Relationships Source: CDC HIV/AIDS Fact Sheet, February 2006

  11. Importance of HIV Testing and Care Access The Lancet • Vol. 362 • September 20, 2003

  12. Barriers to HIV Testing and Care Access • Distrust of the medical system. • Limited access to medical care. • HIV stigma. • Lack of support systems. • Health care professional bias. • Racism/homophobia.

  13. Case Study • Break off into groups. • Identify possible barriers to care. • Discuss strategies to encourage medical follow-up. • There are no right or wrong answers.

  14. EXERCISE List 5 strategies to encourage HIV testing and care access and give an example of each one.

  15. Summary • African Americans are disproportionately affected by HIV. • Several factors contribute to HIV infection in African Americans. • Access to testing and care is important to improve health outcomes. • African Americans face multiple access to care barriers. • Several strategies are effective in improving HIV testing and access to care for African Americans.

  16. Additional Reading • Maintaining Normalcy—A Grounded Theory of Engaging in HIV-oriented Primary Medical Care, Kevin Mallinson, Advances in Nursing Science, July 2005. • Race and Sexual Identity: Perceptions about Medical Culture and Healthcare Among Black Men who Have Sex with Men, David Malebranche, Journal of the National Medical Association, January 2004. • Does Racial Concordance Between HIV-positive Patients and Their Physicians Affect the Time to Receipt of Protease Inhibitors? William King, Journal of General Internal Medicine, 2004. • Optimizing Treatment for African Americans and Latinos with HIV/AIDS, Richard Butcher, Journal of the National Medical Association, August 2005.

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