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The Most Underfulfilled HR

Explore the human cost of poverty, access to health, global inequalities, and the importance of decent work through international labor standards. Learn about combating hazardous conditions and the importance of basic social security.

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The Most Underfulfilled HR

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  1. The Most Underfulfilled HR “Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control” (Article 25(1)). Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1 1

  2. Human Cost of Poverty Today Among ca. 6800 million human beings, about 800 million are undernourished (UNDP 2007, p. 90), 1 bn now (FAO) 2000 million lack access to essential drugs (www.fic.nih.gov/about/plan/exec_summary.htm), 1085 million lack access to safe drinking water (UNDP 2007, p. 254), 1000 million lack adequate shelter (UNDP 1998, p. 49), 2000 million have no electricity (UNDP 2007, p. 305), 2600 million lack adequate sanitation (UNDP 2007, p. 254), 774 million adults are illiterate (www.uis.unesco.org), 211 million children (aged 5 to 17) do wage work outside their household — often under slavery-like and hazardous conditions: as soldiers, prostitutes or domestic servants, or in agriculture, construction, textile or carpet production (ILO: The End of Child Labour, Within Reach,2006, pp. 9, 11, 17-18). 2

  3. 30+ Percent of all Human Deaths — some 18 (out of 57) million per year or 50 000 daily — are due to poverty-related causes, cheaply preventable through safe drinking water, better sanitation, more adequate nutrition, rehydration packs, vaccines or other medicines. In thousands: diarrhea (1798) and malnutrition (485), perinatal (2462) and maternal conditions (510), childhood diseases (1124 — mainly measles), tuberculosis (1566), meningitis (173), hepatitis (157), malaria (1272) and tropical diseases (129), respiratory infections (3963 — mainly pneumonia), HIV/AIDS (2777), sexually transmitted diseases (180) (WHO: World Health Report 2004, 120-5). 3

  4. Human Rights as Moral Claims on (Global) Institutional Arrangements “Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized” (Article 28) Universal Declaration of Human Rights 4

  5. Access to health • A global responsibility • A develpment opportunity • A distributional possibility • A question of political will

  6. Share of Global Wealth, 2000 Calculated in terms of market exchange rates so as to reflect the avoidability of poverty. Decile Ineq. 2837:1. Quintile Ineq. 85:1. Year 2000, $125 trillion total.(James B Davies et al.: WIDER 2006)

  7. Shares of Global Income2005; poorest households versus richest countries Calculated in terms of market exchange rates so as to reflect the avoidability of poverty. Per capita: Pie chart rich/poor ratio over 200:1. (Decile inequality ratio 320:1,Milanovic 2005, pp. 111-12.) 7

  8. Global inequality

  9. The vicious cycle • Poverty make sick • Illness makes poor • Bad health reduces employability • The Poor have to cover health expeniture through out off pocket payments • Often the first step to poverty trap

  10. Decent Work • Employment • Employment intensive growth • Active Labour Market Policies • Public investment • Skills development • Pro-employment fiscal, tax and • monetar policy • Rights at work • - Human RightsDeclaration • - Core labour standards • Up to date Conventions and • Recommendations • Social dialogue • Democracy • Tripartite cooperation • Collective Bargaining • Workers Representation • Social protection • Social Security • Health and Safety • Working time • Wages

  11. Income security • Work is the key income source for the overwhelming majority of people • Stable and decent employment protects against poverty and poverty related illness • Social Security needs to provide income for those who can or should not work

  12. The ILO social floor initiative • 80% of the world population doesn’t have adequate social security • The basic floor package • A global campaign for an affordable investment • Strengthening the global commintment through International Labour Standards • Making a human right a positive right

  13. Inequality correlates with low growth

  14. Basic Social Security is affordable

  15. Combating hazardous working conditions 2.38 million work-related deaths annually

  16. Trend of estimated number of work-related diseases, occupational accidents and deaths caused by hazardous substances in the world

  17. CONVENTIONS International Treaties Open to ratification Ratification involves dual obligation: commitment to apply + willingness to accept ILO supervision RECOMMENDATIONS Not international treaties (not binding) Technical guidelines Not subject to ratification May supplement provisions contained in a Convention (but can also stand on their own) International Labour Standards as global policy instruments

  18. ILO 8 CORE CONVENTIONS • Elimination of forced labour: C.29 / C.105 • Freedom of Association and Right to Collective Bargaining: C.87 / C.98 • Abolition of Child Labour: C.138 / C.182 • Elimination of Discrimination in employment: C.100 / C.111

  19. Relevant ILO Social Security instrument Social Security • the extension of social security measures to provide a basic income to all in need of such protection and comprehensive medical care; Declaration of Philadelphia • Each Member for which this Part of this Convention is in force shall secure to the persons protected the provision of benefit in respect of a condition requiring medical care of a preventive or curative nature C. 102, • Each Member shall, after consulting the representative organizations of employers and workers, adopt appropriate measures to ensure that pregnant or breastfeeding women are not obliged to perform work which has been determined by the competent authority to be prejudicial to the health of the mother or the child, or where an assessment has established a significant risk to the mother's health or that of her child. C, 183

  20. Relevant ILO Health & Safety Standards • Each Member of the International Labour Organisation for which this Convention is in force shall maintain a system of labour inspection in industrial workplaces. • Each Member shall take active steps towards achieving progressively a safe and healthy working environment through a national system and national programmes on occupational safety and health by taking into account the principles set out in instruments of the International Labour Organization (ILO) relevant to the promotional framework for occupational safety and health.

  21. List of soeciifc Health and Safety regulation

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