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Strongyloides stercoralis

Strongyloides stercoralis. Peter Bertrán. Background Information. Nematode 2 life forms Transmission Penetrates through skin Migrate to alveoli Swallowing leads to hyperinfection Larvae excreted and process starts anew. Continued Background Information. Pathogenic effects

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Strongyloides stercoralis

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  1. Strongyloides stercoralis Peter Bertrán

  2. Background Information • Nematode • 2 life forms • Transmission • Penetrates through skin • Migrate to alveoli • Swallowing leads to hyperinfection • Larvae excreted and process starts anew

  3. Continued Background Information • Pathogenic effects • Dermatologic • Rash, cutaneous granulomas • Gastrointestinal • Distension, diarrhea, pain • Pulmonary • Wheezing, cough, hemoptysis • Central Nervous System • Meningal symptoms • Reproductive • Cases of infertility in males

  4. Historical Accounts • 1876 Larvae and strongyloidiasiswere both discovered by Louis Alexis Normand • 1883 German parasitologistKarl Georg Friedrich Rudolf Leuckart discovered the alternationof generations involving parasitic and free-living phases • discovery that infection occurred through the skin was madeby Belgian physician Paul Van Durme • Friedrich Fülleborn described the phenomenon of autoinfection • For over half a century, S. stercoralis received littleattention until prisonersof war who had acquired their infections in the Far East inthe 1940s revealed disseminated infections in immunosuppressedpatients

  5. Cultural Spread • Irrigation in underdeveloped developed countries • Activities in which people are barefoot in an infection-prone area. • Religious ceremonies • Sporting events • hunting

  6. Human Movement and Distribution • Est. 100-200 million infected worldwide • Immigration from endemic areas • Sub-Saharan Africa, South and Southeast Asia, Central America, and South America, and parts of Eastern Europe are considered endemic areas. • Worldwide prevalence is estimated as 2-20% in endemic areas

  7. Treatments & Measures To Prevent • Nematocides • Wear proper footwear • Proper waste disposal • Albendazole • Works by inhibiting glucose intake by nematodes. • Side effects are mild

  8. Infrastructure & Anthrpogenic changes • More prevalent in areas where sewage is used for irrigation. • Water purification in endemic areas is hard to come by. • Quality healthcare is within reach, but sometimes too expensive. • Better plumbing in countries has led to less disease spread • Certain nematocides have been developed

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