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Strongyloides stercoralis: A Comprehensive Overview

Learn about the nematode S. stercoralis, its life forms, transmission methods, pathogenic effects on the human body, historical accounts, cultural spread, human movement and distribution, treatments, and preventive measures. Understand how human activity and infrastructure contribute to the prevalence of this parasite.

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Strongyloides stercoralis: A Comprehensive Overview

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  1. Strongyloides stercoralis Peter Bertrán

  2. Background Information • Nematode • 2 life forms • Transmission • Penetrates through skin • Migrate to alveoli • Swallowing leads to hyperinfection • Larvae excreted and process starts anew

  3. Continued Background Information • Pathogenic effects • Dermatologic • Rash, cutaneous granulomas • Gastrointestinal • Distension, diarrhea, pain • Pulmonary • Wheezing, cough, hemoptysis • Central Nervous System • Meningal symptoms • Reproductive • Cases of infertility in males

  4. Historical Accounts • 1876 Larvae and strongyloidiasiswere both discovered by Louis Alexis Normand • 1883 German parasitologistKarl Georg Friedrich Rudolf Leuckart discovered the alternationof generations involving parasitic and free-living phases • discovery that infection occurred through the skin was madeby Belgian physician Paul Van Durme • Friedrich Fülleborn described the phenomenon of autoinfection • For over half a century, S. stercoralis received littleattention until prisonersof war who had acquired their infections in the Far East inthe 1940s revealed disseminated infections in immunosuppressedpatients

  5. Cultural Spread • Irrigation in underdeveloped developed countries • Activities in which people are barefoot in an infection-prone area. • Religious ceremonies • Sporting events • hunting

  6. Human Movement and Distribution • Est. 100-200 million infected worldwide • Immigration from endemic areas • Sub-Saharan Africa, South and Southeast Asia, Central America, and South America, and parts of Eastern Europe are considered endemic areas. • Worldwide prevalence is estimated as 2-20% in endemic areas

  7. Treatments & Measures To Prevent • Nematocides • Wear proper footwear • Proper waste disposal • Albendazole • Works by inhibiting glucose intake by nematodes. • Side effects are mild

  8. Infrastructure & Anthrpogenic changes • More prevalent in areas where sewage is used for irrigation. • Water purification in endemic areas is hard to come by. • Quality healthcare is within reach, but sometimes too expensive. • Better plumbing in countries has led to less disease spread • Certain nematocides have been developed

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