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Introduction to Laser: Properties, Concepts, and Applications

This presentation provides an overview of lasers, including their properties, basic concepts, and various applications in fields such as military, scientific, medical, and industry. Presented by D.M. Parshuramkar, Assistant Professor (Physics) at N.H. College, Bramhapuri.

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Introduction to Laser: Properties, Concepts, and Applications

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  1. Presentation On LASER PRESENTED BY: D. M. Parshuramkar ASSISTANT PROFESSOR (PHYSICS) N. H. College, Bramhapuri

  2. LASER(Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation)

  3. What Is Laser • Properties Of Laser • Basic Concept Of Laser • Absorption • Spontaneous Emission • Stimulated Emission • The operation of the Laser • How a Laser Works • Population Inversion • Types of Laser • Applications of laser Overview

  4. What is Laser? Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation • A device produces a coherent beam of optical radiation by stimulating electronic, ionic, or molecular transitions to higher energy levels • Mainly used in Single Mode Systems • Light Emission range: 5 to 10 degrees • Require Higher complex driver circuitry than LEDs • Laser action occurs from three main processes: photon absorption, spontaneous emission, and stimulated emission.

  5. Properties of Laser • Monochromatic Concentrate in a narrow range of wavelengths (one specific colour). • Coherent All the emitted photons bear a constant phase relationship with each other in both time and phase • Directional A very tight beam which is very strong and concentrated.

  6. Basic concepts for a laser • Absorption • Spontaneous Emission • Stimulated Emission • Population inversion

  7. Absorption • Energy is absorbed by an atom, the electrons are excited into vacant energy shells.

  8. Spontaneous Emission • The atom decays from level 2 to level 1 through the emission of a photon with the energy hv. It is a completely random process.

  9. Stimulated Emission • Atoms in an upper energy level can be triggered or stimulated in phase by an incoming photon of a specific energy.

  10. Stimulated Emission The stimulated photons have unique properties: • In phase with the incident photon • Same wavelength as the incident photon • Travel in same direction as incident photon

  11. The operation of the Laser Light: Coherent, polarized The stimulating and emitted photons have the same: frequency phase direction

  12. How a Laser Works

  13. E2 E1 Condition for the laser operation Ifn1 > n2 • radiation is mostly absorbed absorbowane • spontaneous radiation dominates. if n2>> n1 - population inversion • most atoms occupy level E2, weak absorption • stimulatedemission prevails • light is amplified Necessary condition:population inversion

  14. Population Inversion • A state in which a substance has been energized, or excited to specific energy levels. • More atoms or molecules are in a higher excited state. • The process of producing a population inversion is called pumping. • Examples: →by lamps of appropriate intensity →by electrical discharge

  15. Types of Laser • According to the active material: solid-state, liquid, gas, excimer or semiconductor lasers. • According to the wavelength: infra-red, visible, ultra-violet (UV) or x-ray lasers.

  16. Applications of laser • 2. Military • Death ray • Defensive applications • Strategic defense initiative • Laser sight • Illuminator • Rangefinder • Target designator 1.Scientific • Spectroscopy • Lunar laser ranging • Photochemistry • Laser cooling • Nuclear fusion

  17. Application 3. Medical Eye surgery Cosmetic surgery 4. Industry & Commercial a. Cutting, welding, marking b. CD player, DVD player c. Laser printers, laser pointers d. Photolithography e. Laser light display

  18. THANK YOU

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