Myers: Psychology , Seventh Edition PRS Questions: Chapter 8

1. Myers: Psychology, Seventh EditionPRS Questions: Chapter 8

2. Pavlov noticed that dogs began salivating at the mere sight of the person who regularly brought food to them. For the dogs, the sight of this person was a(n): • primary reinforcer. • unconditional stimulus. • immediate reinforcer. • conditioned stimulus.

3. People have been observed to form negative attitudes toward Pokémon characters who were repeatedly shown with negative words and images next to them. This best illustrates the impact of: • classical conditioning. • the law of effect. • negative reinforcers. • the overjustification effect.

4. Long after her conditioned fear of spiders had been extinguished, Marcy experienced an unexpected surge of nervousness when first shown her cousin's new pet tarantula. Her unexpected nervousness best illustrates: • latent learning. • spontaneous recovery. • delayed reinforcement. • the overjustification effect.

5. Airline frequent flyer programs that reward customers with a free flight after every 25,000 miles of travel illustrate the use of a ________ schedule of reinforcement. • fixed-interval • variable-interval • fixed-ratio • variable-ratio

6. For some children who bite themselves or bang their heads, squirting water into their faces when they hurt themselves has been observed to decrease the frequency of these self-abusive behaviors. (Continued on next slide)

7. (Continued from previous slide) This best illustrates the potential value of: • latent learning. • conditioned reinforcers. • negative reinforcers. • punishment.

8. If you get violently ill a couple of hours after eating contaminated food, you will probably develop an aversion to the taste of that food but not to the sight of the restaurant where you ate or to the sound of the music you heard there. (Continued on next slide)

9. (Continued from previous slide) This best illustrates that associative learning is constrained by: • intrinsic motivation. • spontaneous recovery. • biological predispositions. • conditioned reinforcers.

10. Critical Thinking Questions

11. Martin likes to shower in the men’s locker room after working out. During a shower he hears a toilet flushing nearby. Suddenly boiling hot water comes out of the showerhead, causing Martin serious discomfort. Later on in the shower, he hears another toilet flush and he immediately jumps out from under the showerhead. (Continued on next slide)

12. (Continued from previous slide) In this scenario, what is the unconditioned response (UCR)? • Jumping out of the shower • Sound of the toilet flushing • Pain avoidance • Boiling hot water

13. A child is sent to his room with no supper because he presented a bad report card to his parents. The parent’s intent was to: • punish poor academic performance. • negatively reinforce poor academic performance. • extinguish poor academic performance. • partially reinforce poor academic performance.

14. Brian ate a tuna salad sandwich that had become tainted from being in the sun too long. Not long after eating, Brian became extremely nauseated and felt awful. After that, even the sight of a tuna sandwich caused Brian to feel nauseated. (Continued on next slide)

15. (Continued from previous slide) In this scenario what is the conditioned response (CR)? • Tuna • Nausea • Mayonnaise • Sight of any sandwich