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Taxonomy/Bacteria/Viruses

Taxonomy/Bacteria/Viruses. Ch. 17/18. Chapter 17 Organizing Life’s Diversity. Section 1: The History of Classification. Section 2: Modern Classification. Section 3: Domains and Kingdoms. 17.1 The History of Classification.

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Taxonomy/Bacteria/Viruses

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  1. Taxonomy/Bacteria/Viruses Ch. 17/18

  2. Chapter 17 Organizing Life’s Diversity Section 1: The History of Classification Section2: Modern Classification Section 3: Domains and Kingdoms

  3. 17.1 The History of Classification • Biologists use a system of classification to organize information about the diversity of living things. • Aristotle developed the first widely accepted system of biological classification. (Plants vs. animal)

  4. 17.1 The History of Classification • CaroleusLinnaeus’s system of classification was the first formal system of taxonomy. • Linnaeus’s method of naming organisms, called binomial nomenclature, gives each species a scientific name with two parts. • The first part is the genus name, and the second part is the specific epithet, or specific name, that identifies the species.

  5. Organizing Life’s Diversity Chapter 17 17.1 The History of Classification • Biologists use scientific names for species because common names vary in their use. Ursus americanus American black bear

  6. Dichotomous Keys • A dichotomous key consists of a series of choices that lead the user to the correct identification of an organism • Shark ws • Cups lab

  7. 17.1 The History of Classification • The taxonomic categories used by scientists are part of a nested-hierarchal system. • Domain (fish, spiders, mushroom, cats) • Kingdom (fish, spiders, cats) • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species

  8. Ursus americanus

  9. Terms • Taxon (taxa) – named group of organisms • Genus – group of species that share a common ancestor

  10. The domain is the broadest of all the taxa and contains one or more kingdoms. Example: Black Bear • Eukarya: bear, human, spider, lichen, butterfly, fish, cow • The taxon of related phyla or divisions is a kingdom. (Animalia: bear, human, spider, butterfly, fish, cow • A phylum or division contains related classes. • Vertebrata: bear, human, fish, cow • A class contains related orders. • Mammalia: bear, human, cow • An order contains related families. (carnivora: bear, human • A family is the next higher taxon, consisting of similar, related genera. (Ursidae: polar bears, panda, black Genus: closely related species: Ursus: American Black, Sloth, Asiatic black Species: Ursus americanas: American Black Bear

  11. Pneumonic Device • Did King Phillip Come Over For Green Soup? • Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

  12. 17.3 Domains and Kingdoms • The broadest category in the classification used by most biologists is the domain. • The three domains are Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. • Domain Bacteria- Eubacteria (prokaryotes) are a diverse group that can survive in many different environments. black death

  13. Bacteria and Viruses 18.1 Bacteria Photosynthetic eubacteria Archaebacteria Eubacteria 3000x 9560x magnification unavailable

  14. 17.3 Domains and Kingdoms 2. Domain Archaea-are thought to be more ancient than bacteria and yet more closely related to our eukaryote ancestors. -They are called extremophiles because they can live in extreme environments. 3. Domain Eukarya- All eukaryotes are classified in Domain Eukarya. • Domain Eukarya contains Kingdom Protista, Kingdom Fungi, Kingdom Plantae, and Kingdom Animalia…bacteria and archaea are missing

  15. Protists and fungi • Protists are eukaryotic organisms that can be unicellular, colonial, or multicellular. • A fungus is a unicellular or multicellular eukaryote that absorbs nutrients from organic materials in its environment.

  16. 17.3 Domains and Kingdoms

  17. Bacterial Growth • Could you design an experiment to determine the success of antibiotics versus bacterial growth? How? • Do drugs resist bacteria?

  18. 17.3 Domains and Kingdoms • A virus is a nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat. • Viruses do not possess cells, nor are they cells, and are not considered to be living. • Because they are nonliving, they usually are not placed in the biological classification system.

  19. 18.2 Viruses and Prions • 1stvirus must enter a host cell using receptors on the plasma membrane • 2nd The virus releases its genetic material into the hosts cytoplasm or the entire virus enters • 3rd the virus uses the bacteria’s remarkable reproducing ability to spread like wildfire • Malaria?

  20. Test Topics • 9 short answer questions • Classification system • Dichotomous Key • Taxonomic categories • Domains • Bacteria and antibiotics • Viruses and Prions • Eukarya kingdoms • Organization • Bacteria types

  21. How to do well on the Test • Read your Book!! • 17-1 review assignment • P 507 1-6, 8 • 17-3 review assignment • P 508 27-29, 31-32 Bacteria review assignment P 535 6,7,9 Questions – How do viruses work? Go through step by step and be able to explain it.

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