GOVERNMENTS OF FRANCE

1. GOVERNMENTS OF FRANCE MATT C. 2A Les gouvernements de France

2. ABSOLUTE MONARCHY • Lasted until 1792 and had been in France for over 1000 years EVENTS • Louis XIV takes throne at only 5 years old. This is significant because the king never worked hard to become a leader and explains why he had no respect for the working class. • Tons of money is spent on lavish city buildings. This is significant because the money in France during the absolute monarchy was not being very well spent. • Huguenots forced to become Catholics. This is significant because it shows that there were little to no freedoms in France and the king was very powerful. • Thirty years war. This is significant because France was defeated in the war and the population began to doubt Frances military capabilities. • Major difference of lifestyle between 1st and 3rd estate. This is significant because the unfairness angered the population and is what ultimately caused them to revolt.

3. Personalities • King Louis XVI. The king is obviously significant because he was the absolute monarch. His leadership is what led to the terrible government system in France. • Marie Antoinette. Marie Antoinette is very important because she had influence over the king and also because she was hated by the majority of the French population during the absolute monarchy. • Thomas Jefferson. Although this may seem strange Jefferson was important because he supported the French revolution. • King Louis XIII. King Louis XIII is very significant because he established the absolute monarchy system of government in France. • John Baptiste Colbert. Colbert is significant because he served as the minister of finances under King Louis XVI. Colbert is also significant because he was very influential during the time he served under King Louis XVI.

4. THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLYLasted from June 1789 to July 1789 EVENTS • Tennis court oath. The tennis court oath is significant because it showed that the national assembly was very serious. • Protests. Another event was the constant protesting for a written constitution for France. • Capitalistic recognition. Almost instantly after the assembly was created, the group identified themselves as capitalists. • King. The king resisted the national assembly for obvious reasons. • Disbandment. The group was disbanded on July ninth just twenty six days after being created.

5. Personalities • Sieyes. Sieyes was important because he wrote passionate pamphlets supporting the third estate. • The king. The king did everything in his power to disband the national assembly. • Necker. Necker was the finance leader and felt the king should appease the national assembly. • Mirabeau. Mirabeau was an important revolutionary leader during June and July of 1789. • Duke of Orleans. The duke of Orleans greatly supported the French revolution and became influential during the national assembly. However, Orleans was guillotined during the reign of terror.

6. THE CONSTITUIENT ASSMEBLY LASTED FROM 1789 TO 1791 EVENTS • Storming of the bastille. This is significant because it showed how powerful the new assembly really was. • The declaration. This is significant because the declaration of rights of man was the first of its kind for France. • Constitution. The group pledged that they would not back down until a written constitution was signed. • March to Versailles. This march was completely done by women because of their outrage over the extreme bread prices. • August decrees. This was an important event because it released many peasants of the obligations they had to their landlords.

7. PERSONALITIES • Cazales. Cazales was a spokesman for aristocracy during the time period of the constituent assembly. • Joesph Mouiner. He was a royalist democrat during this time period. • Bailly. Bailly was the president of the new assembly and had a lot of power. • Lameth. Lameth is significant because he was an author of the new assembly. • The king. The kings powerful influence is what ultimately led to the unhappiness of the new assembly.

8. THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY Lasted from 1791 to 1792 EVENTS • The election. The election was significant because it desired to bring the revolutionary efforts further. • Veto. Many of the legislative assembly's new bills were vetoed. • Marriage Reform. This is significant because the reforms greatly impacted the French societies. • Commune. During the legislative assembly the new commune took possession of the hotel de ville. • Convention. Based on the legislative assembly, a new government was formed for France.

9. Personalities • Barnave. Barnave was a chief feulliant leader and important to the legislative assembly. • Brissot. Brissot was the most famous girondin leader during the legislative assembly time period. • Condorcet. Condorcet was a philosopher during the legislative assembly period who had boldly preferred a more liberal economy. • Muraire. Muraire was a famous statesman who often reported for the legislative assembly. • Vergniaud. Vergniaud was a lawyer and also an important deputy to the legislative assembly.

10. THE NATIONAL CONVENTIONSEPTEMBER 1792-OCTOBER 1795 EVENTS • Abolish. The national convention first decided to abolish the monarchy. This is very important because the government was now completely overthrown. • Execution. The national assembly executed the king and his wife after they were convicted of trying to flee France in a time of desperation. • New members. Very important is the fact that less than 1/3rd of the national convention members had previously sat on the assembly. • Constitution. In the year 1793, the national convention created and approved of a new more fair constitution for France. • Terror. Robespierre and the reign of terror greatly dominated France around the same time period as the national convention. This terror gave fear to everyday French citizens.

11. PERSONALITIES • Robespierre. Robespierre is very important not only for his part in the reign of terror, but also because he felt the king had to die. • King. For the last time, the king impacted the government system greatly. This time the king was important because his execution united the national convention. • Isnard. Isnard is important because in 1793 he became president of the national convention. He also ran away after less than a month on the job. • Couthon. Couthon is significant because he was on the national convention and was a key factor in the increased number of executions. • Marat. Marat is significant to the national convention because he was a bold defender of the sans-culottes.

12. THE DIRECTORYNovember 1795 - November 1799 EVENTS • Military. Under the directory, the military was extremely successful; This is important because the public opinion of France should have been high. • Unpopularity. The Directory was extremely unpopular in France. This is significant because the directory had to use extreme measures to accomplish anything. • Five. Five directors held all of the power in the directory. This is significant because now only five people made a lot of important decisions for France. • Removal. Less than two years after the directory began, two of the members were stripped of their powers. This is important because it shows the lack of success of the directory. • Overthrown. In November of seventeen ninety nine the directory was overthrown. This is significant because it meant a new government system would be put in France.

13. PERSONALITIES • Rewbell. Rewbell is significant because he was not only an appointed member of the directory, but also the president of the local Paris lawyers during the time period of the French revolution. • Hoche. Hoche is significant to the directory because of his military successes for the nation of France during the time period of the directory. • Douai. Douai is significant because he was one of the replacements of the two removed directory members. He also was an important French lawyer. • Gohier. Gohier was a very important politician in France. Gohier had very republican views and worked very hard during the time period of the directory. • Barras. Barras is significant because he was considered to be the main executive leader of the directory from 1795 to 1799. He greatly impacted the French revolution because of his role in the directory.

14. The Consulate November 1799-May 1804 EVENTS • Fall of directory. The fall of the directory is significant because this is what made the consulate phase of government possible. • Order. The ordering of France and the French people was done by the consulate. The rebellions had been reduced and peace restored. • Treaty of Luneville. This treaty is very significant because it restored general peace not only in France but across Europe as well. • Replacement of constitutions. The consulate abolished the directory's constitution of year three and instituted the constitution of year four. • Concordat. The concordat is significant because this smoothed over the rift between Paris and Rome that had been caused by the French Revolution.

15. PERSONALITIES • Napoleon Bonaparte. A brilliant war general who is significant because of his leadership throughout the consulate. Bonaparte is one of the most important people in the French revolution. • Daunou. Daunou is significant because of his relationship with Napoleon. Daunou was a politician who was not used much in the consulate which angered him greatly. • Desaix. Desaix was a powerful and important French military leader. Desaix cleared the way for the consulate to be able to take full control. • Constant. Constant is important to the consulate because he was a French writer who greatly criticized napoleon. Constant did not like napoleon at all. • Moreau. Moreau is significant because he was a great French army general. Moreau is also significant because he helped napoleon become so powerful.